（原創）Hibernate 使用過程中（尤其是多對多關聯中的級聯保存和級聯刪除）的注意事項（基於項目的總結）

一.先上知識點：

1.hibernate多對多關聯關系中最重要的參數是（基於配置文件xxx.hbm.xml文件形式）：

1）：inverse屬性，如果設置inverse=“true”就代表讓對方參與維護第三方表格。//這個屬性特別重要，多對多關系中最好有且只有一個維護第三方表格，如果兩方都維護第三方表格，那么可能第三方表格會重復維護現象（有可能會造成第三方表格聯合主鍵的重復）

2）：lazy屬性，這個屬性代表延遲加載與否，在講這個屬性之前，先講一個東西，就是在hibernate多對多關聯關系中，在雙方的類中都會出現一個Set<XXX>這個集合屬性（在讀取過程中，這個set集合會被hibernate封裝成persistentSet集合），當在xxx.hbm.xml文件中設置lazy=“false”時，就說明，不會讓延遲加載起作用，那么這個延遲加載加載什么東西呢？延遲加載的東西就是剛剛提到的Set<XXX>集合中的東西，打個比方，現在有多對多的User類和Educate類（員工多對多培訓課程），在User類中的java代碼如下：

package com.ssh.entities;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;//員工編號
    private String name;//員工用戶名
    private String password;//登錄密碼
    private Byte sex;//性別
    private Date birthday;//生日
    private Date createtime;//創建時間
    private Byte isadmin;//是否為管理員
    private String content;//人員簡介
    private Set<Educate> educate=new HashSet<Educate>();
    public Set<Educate> getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }
    public void setEducate(Set<Educate> educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Byte getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(Byte sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }
    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }
    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
    public Byte getIsadmin() {
        return isadmin;
    }
    public void setIsadmin(Byte isadmin) {
        this.isadmin = isadmin;
    }
    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }
    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
    public User(Long id, String name, String password, Byte sex, Date birthday,
            Date createtime, Byte isadmin, String content) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.createtime = createtime;
        this.isadmin = isadmin;
        this.content = content;
    }
    public User() {
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", password=" + password
                + ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createtime="
                + createtime + ", isadmin=" + isadmin + ", content=" + content
                + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        User other = (User) obj;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    
    
    
}

上述代碼中標紅的就是一個Set<Educate>集合。

 那我在User.hbm.xml文件中配置lazy="false"的時候，就是說明，當我前端或者后台需要加載user對象時，那這個帶有對方（Educate類）的集合也會通過第三方表格順帶着把Educate類中的信息一起加載出來，

反之，當lazy="true"的時候就默認lazy延遲加載工程開啟，也就是說Set集合中的東西，現在不會給加載出來。

3）cascade屬性，我在項目中一般配置  cascade=“all”，這個就代表在級聯操作時（保存、刪除）會不會級聯到關聯的一方

總結：基於配置文件的hibernate 多對多就是lazy和inverse屬性在起關鍵作用。

2.hibernate 多對多中的級聯保存和刪除：

1）保存，保存一般情況下不僅保存自己一方的對象到數據庫，還需要順帶着把和另一方的關系也保存到第三方表格，那么這時，如果是自己這方是負責維護第三方表格的，那么當編輯自己對象的信息時（將集合中塞入對方對象到集合中，代表與對方的關系），在執行hibernate的session的saveOrupdate（）方法時，不僅保存自己對象到數據庫中，同時也會把維護關系保存到第三方表格中，如果自己這方沒有負責維護第三方表格，那么即便自己這方的Set集合中添加了對方對象的信息，當執行hibernate的session的  saveorUpdate()方法時，只能是把自己的信息保存到自己對應的數據庫中，與對方的關系（通過set集合中的信息進行設置，通過第三方的數據表格體現）的第三方表格，沒有發生更新，也就是說沒有達到想要的結果。

現在舉例說明一下：

User類（如上）和User.hbm.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.ssh.entities.User" table="user">
        <id column="id" name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="password" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="sex" length="4" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="birthday" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="createtime" length="23"  type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="isadmin" length="4" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="content" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <set name="educate" table="user_educate" lazy="false" cascade="all" inverse="false">
            <key column="user_id"></key>
            <many-to-many class="com.ssh.entities.Educate" column="educate_id"></many-to-many>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Educate類和Educate.hbm.xml

package com.ssh.entities;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Educate {
    private Long id;//培訓標號
    private String name;//培訓名稱
    private String purpose;//培訓目的
    private Date begintime;//培訓開始時間
    private Date endtime;//培訓結束時間
    private String datum;//培訓材料
    private String teacher;//培訓講師
    private String student;//培訓人員
    private Date createtime;//創建時間
    private Byte educate;//培訓是否完成
    private String effect;//培訓效果
    private String summarize;//培訓總結
    private Set<User> user=new HashSet<User>();
    
    public Set<User> getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(Set<User> user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPurpose() {
        return purpose;
    }
    public void setPurpose(String purpose) {
        this.purpose = purpose;
    }
    public Date getBegintime() {
        return begintime;
    }
    public void setBegintime(Date begintime) {
        this.begintime = begintime;
    }
    public Date getEndtime() {
        return endtime;
    }
    public void setEndtime(Date endtime) {
        this.endtime = endtime;
    }
    public String getDatum() {
        return datum;
    }
    public void setDatum(String datum) {
        this.datum = datum;
    }
    public String getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(String teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    public String getStudent() {
        return student;
    }
    public void setStudent(String student) {
        this.student = student;
    }
    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }
    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
    public Byte getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }
    public void setEducate(Byte educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }
    public String getEffect() {
        return effect;
    }
    public void setEffect(String effect) {
        this.effect = effect;
    }
    public String getSummarize() {
        return summarize;
    }
    public void setSummarize(String summarize) {
        this.summarize = summarize;
    }
    public Educate(Long id, String name, String purpose, Date begintime,
            Date endtime, String datum, String teacher, String student,
            Date createtime, Byte educate, String effect, String summarize) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.purpose = purpose;
        this.begintime = begintime;
        this.endtime = endtime;
        this.datum = datum;
        this.teacher = teacher;
        this.student = student;
        this.createtime = createtime;
        this.educate = educate;
        this.effect = effect;
        this.summarize = summarize;
    }
    public Educate() {
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Educate [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", purpose=" + purpose
                + ", begintime=" + begintime + ", endtime=" + endtime
                + ", datum=" + datum + ", teacher=" + teacher + ", student="
                + student + ", createtime=" + createtime + ", educate="
                + educate + ", effect=" + effect + ", summarize=" + summarize
                + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Educate other = (Educate) obj;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.ssh.entities.Educate" table="educate">
        <id column="id" name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" length="100" type="java.lang.String"></property>
        <property name="purpose" length="500" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="begintime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="endtime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="datum" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="teacher" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="student" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="createtime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="effect" length="500" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="educate" length="1" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="summarize" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <set name="user" table="user_educate" lazy="true" cascade="all" inverse="true">
            <key column="educate_id"></key>
            <many-to-many class="com.ssh.entities.User" column="user_id"></many-to-many>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 

后台控制的java代碼（保存和另一方關系的代碼）：

public String insertcourse(){
		String[] para=request.getParameterValues("edupara");
		String userid=request.getParameter("userid");
		
		if(para.length>0){
 			User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
			Set<Educate> edus=new HashSet<Educate>();
			edus=us.getEducate();
			for(String str: para ){
				Educate	educate=educateService.getForEdu(Long.parseLong(str));
			/*	Set users=new HashSet<User>();
				users=educate.getUser();
				System.out.println(users.size());
				users.add(us);
				System.out.println(users.size());
				educate.setUser(users);
				
				educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
			*/
				edus.add(educate);
			}
			us.setEducate(edus);
			userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
		}
		return "insertcourse";

　　2）刪除級聯的注意事項：

 (1)如果不是User維持關聯關系：

           ——若連接表user_educate中有參照user表中該記錄的記錄（即在user_educate表中存在user_id的記錄）時，則刪除失敗。

           ——若連接表user_educate中沒有參照user表中該記錄的記錄時，則可以成功地將該記錄刪除。

     (2)如果是User維持關聯關系：

           ——先將連接表user_educate中參照user表中該記錄的記錄刪除，然后將該學生記錄從user表中刪除

 

最后附上后台處理的完整代碼：

UserAction.java

package com.ssh.action;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;





import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ssh.entities.Educate;
import com.ssh.entities.User;
import com.ssh.service.EducateService;
import com.ssh.service.UserService;


public class HumanAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{
    
    /**
     * @author zhangshitong
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    
    private UserService userService;
    
    private InputStream inputStream;
    
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    
    private Long id;
    
    private List<Educate> eduList;
    
    private List<User> userList;
    
    private EducateService educateService;
    
    private User userForEdit;



    public void setEducateService(EducateService educateService) {
        this.educateService = educateService;
    }
    
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    private User user;
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return inputStream;
    }
    
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }


    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }


    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }


    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String adduser(){
        user.setCreatetime(new Date());
        //user.setId(null);
        System.out.println(user);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(user);
        user = null;
        return "add";
    }
    
    public String list(){
        System.out.println(userService.getForList());
        request.setAttribute("user", userService.getForList());
        return "list";
    }
    
    public String select(){
        User usertemp=userService.getUser(id);
        this.userForEdit=usertemp;
        request.setAttribute("signalUser", usertemp);
        return "edit";
    }
    
    public String delete(){
        userService.deleteUser(id);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }
    
    public String modify(){
        user.setEducate(userForEdit.getEducate());
        user.setCreatetime(new Date());
        System.out.println(user);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(user);
        return "modified";
    }

    
    public String login(){
        User user=userService.validName(username);
        
        if(user==null){
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("3".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else{
        if(user.getPassword().equals(password)){
        try {request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            //ctx.getSession().put("user", user);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }    
        }else{
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        }
        
        return "ajax-success";
    }
    
    public String userselecteducate(){
        System.out.println("這是查看員工選擇課程時員工的id值："+id);
        Set eduSet=userService.getEducateInUser(id);
        //System.out.println(eduSet);
        List<Educate> eduList=new ArrayList<Educate>();
        Iterator it=eduSet.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Educate eduTemp=(Educate) it.next();
            eduList.add(eduTemp);
        }
        request.setAttribute("edu", eduList);
        request.setAttribute("name", username);
        request.setAttribute("id", id);
        return "userselecteducate";
    }

    public String insertcourse(){
        String[] para=request.getParameterValues("edupara");
        String userid=request.getParameter("userid");
        
        if(para.length>0){
             User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
            Set<Educate> edus=new HashSet<Educate>();
            edus=us.getEducate();
            for(String str: para ){
                Educate    educate=educateService.getForEdu(Long.parseLong(str));
            /*    Set users=new HashSet<User>();
                users=educate.getUser();
                System.out.println(users.size());
                users.add(us);
                System.out.println(users.size());
                educate.setUser(users);
                
                educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
            */
                edus.add(educate);
            }
            us.setEducate(edus);
            userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
        }
        return "insertcourse";
    }
    
    public String deletecourse(){
        String userid=request.getParameter("userid");
        User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
        Educate edu=educateService.getForEdu(id);
        //edu.getUser().remove(us);
        Set<Educate> educates=new HashSet<Educate>();
        educates=us.getEducate();
        educates.remove(edu);
        us.setEducate(educates);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
    }
}

EducateAction類：

package com.ssh.action;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ssh.entities.Educate;
import com.ssh.entities.User;
import com.ssh.service.EducateService;
import com.ssh.service.UserService;

public class EducateAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{

    /**
     * @author Administrator zhangshitong
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    private Educate educate;
    
    private EducateService educateService;
    
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    
    private InputStream inputStream;
    
    private Long id;
    
    private UserService userService;
    
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
    
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return inputStream;
    }
    public void setEducateService(EducateService educateService) {
        this.educateService = educateService;
    }
    
    
    
    public Educate getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }




    public void setEducate(Educate educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }

    public String addeducate(){
        educate.setCreatetime(new Date());
        System.out.println(educate);
        educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
        return "addeducate";
    }

    public String listeducate(){
        List<Educate> list=educateService.getForList();
        request.setAttribute("educate", list);
        return "listeducate";
    }
    
    public String delete(){
        System.out.println("this is id's value:"+id);
        //Set<User> users=new HashSet<User>();
        //users=null;
        List<User> userList=userService.getForList();
        Educate edu=educateService.getForEdu(id);
        Iterator<User> it=userList.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            User userListMember=it.next();
            Set<Educate> setEducate=userListMember.getEducate();
            if(setEducate.contains(edu)){
                setEducate.remove(edu);
            }
            userService.saveOrUpdate(userListMember);
        }
        //edu.setUser(users);
        //educateService.saveorUpdate(edu);
          educateService.delete(id);
        //educateService.deleteCascade(edu);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }
    
    public String addcourse(){
        List<Educate> list=educateService.getForList();
        request.setAttribute("educate", list);
        request.setAttribute("userid", id);
        return "addcourse";
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
    }

}

spring的application配置文件（事務管理）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 導入資源文件 -->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- 配置 C3P0 數據源 -->
        <bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
        </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置 SessionFactory -->
        <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
            <property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath:com/ssh/entities/*.hbm.xml"></property>
            <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext</prop> </props> </property>
        </bean>
    <!-- 配置 Spring 的聲明式事務 -->
    
      <!-- 1. 配置 hibernate 的事務管理器 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
        </bean>
      <!-- 2. 配置事務屬性 -->
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
                <tx:method name="*"/>
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
      <!-- 3. 配置事務切入點, 再把事務屬性和事務切入點關聯起來 -->
          <aop:config>
              <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.ssh.dao.*.*(..))" id="txPointcut"/>
              <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
          </aop:config>
</beans>

web.xml配置的過濾器：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name>
            <param-value>sessionFactory</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>