e.g. i.e. etc. et al. w.r.t. i.i.d.
用法：, e.g., || , i.e., || , etc. || et al., || w.r.t. || i.i.d.
e.g. 拉丁文exempli gratia的縮寫，意思是“舉個例子，比如，例如…..”。Popular pets, e.g. , cats and dogs.
i.e. 源於拉丁語id est的縮寫，意思是“那就是說，換句話說”，等同於“that is, in other words, namely”。The basic essentials of life, i.e. , housing, food and water.
etc. et cetera的縮寫，意思是“等等”，相當於“and so on”，用於列舉事物。We talked about the contract, pay, etc.
et al. 源於拉丁語et alibi的縮寫，意思是“等等”，相當於“and others”，用於列舉人。Research by West et al., 1996.
w.r.t. with repect to縮寫，“關於”；“談及”；“談到”。Their PDFs are differentiable almost everywhere w.r.t. both sigma and z.
i.i.d. independent and identically distributed 縮寫 "獨立同分布"。Dataset X={x_i, i = 1...N} consisting of N i.i.d. samples of some continuous or discrete variable x.