自己編程中遇到的Python錯誤和解決方法匯總整理


錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> def f(x, y):  
    print x, y  
>>> t = ('a', 'b')  
>>> f(t)  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#65>", line 1, in <module>  
    f(t)  
TypeError: f() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)  


【錯誤分析】不要誤以為元祖里有兩個參數,將元祖傳進去就可以了,實際上元祖作為一個整體只是一個參數,
實際需要兩個參數,所以報錯。必需再傳一個參數方可.

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f(t, 'var2')  
('a', 'b') var2  


更常用的用法: 在前面加*,代表引用元祖

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f(*t)  
'a', 'b'  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> def func(y=2, x):  
    return x + y  
SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument  


【錯誤分析】在C++,Python中默認參數從左往右防止,而不是相反。這可能跟參數進棧順序有關。

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> def func(x, y=2):  
    return x + y  
>>> func(1)  
3  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> D1 = {'x':1, 'y':2}  
>>> D1['x']  
1  
>>> D1['z']  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#185>", line 1, in <module>  
    D1['z']  
KeyError: 'z'  


【錯誤分析】這是Python中字典鍵錯誤的提示,如果想讓程序繼續運行,可以用字典中的get方法,如果鍵存在,則獲取該鍵對應的值,不存在的,返回None,也可打印提示信息.

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> D1.get('z', 'Key Not Exist!')  
'Key Not Exist!'  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> from math import sqrt  
>>> exec "sqrt = 1"  
>>> sqrt(4)  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#22>", line 1, in <module>  
    sqrt(4)  
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable  


【錯誤分析】exec語句最有用的地方在於動態地創建代碼字符串,但里面存在的潛在的風險,它會執行其他地方的字符串,在CGI中更是如此!比如例子中的sqrt = 1,從而改變了當前的命名空間,從math模塊中導入的sqrt不再和函數名綁定而是成為了一個整數。要避免這種情況,可以通過增加in <scope>,其中<scope>就是起到放置代碼字符串命名空間的字典。

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> from math import sqrt  
>>> scope = {}  
>>> exec "sqrt = 1" in scope  
>>> sqrt(4)  
2.0  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> seq = [1, 2, 3, 4]  
>>> sep = '+'  
>>> sep.join(seq)  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#25>", line 1, in <module>  
    sep.join(seq)  
TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, int found  

 

【錯誤分析】join是split的逆方法,是非常重要的字符串方法,但不能用來連接整數型列表,所以需要改成:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> seq = ['1', '2', '3', '4']  
>>> sep = '+'  
>>> sep.join(seq)  
'1+2+3+4'  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar\'  
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal  


【錯誤分析】Python中原始字符串以r開頭,里面可以放置任意原始字符,包括\,包含在字符中的\不做轉義。
但是,不能放在末尾!也就是說,最后一個字符不能是\,如果真 需要的話,可以這樣寫:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar' "\\"  
C:\Program Files\foo\bar\  
>>> print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar' + "\\"  
C:\Program Files\foo\bar\  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
代碼:

復制代碼代碼如下:

bad = 'bad'  
  
try:  
    raise bad  
except bad:  
    print 'Got Bad!'  


錯誤:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>>   
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\Learn.py", line 4, in <module>  
    raise bad  
TypeError: exceptions must be old-style classes or derived from BaseException, not str

 

【錯誤分析】因所用的Python版本2.7,比較高的版本,raise觸發的異常,只能是自定義類異常,而不能是字符串。所以會報錯,字符串改為自定義類,就可以了。

復制代碼代碼如下:

class Bad(Exception):  
    pass  
  
def raiseException():  
    raise Bad()  
  
try:  
    raiseException()  
except Bad:  
    print 'Got Bad!'  
 


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

class Super:  
    def method(self):  
        print "Super's method"  
  
class Sub(Super):  
    def method(self):  
        print "Sub's method"  
        Super.method()  
        print "Over..."  
  
S = Sub()  
S.method()  

 

執行上面一段代碼,錯誤如下:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>>   
Sub's method  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\test.py", line 12, in <module>  
    S.method()  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\test.py", line 8, in method  
    Super.method()  
TypeError: unbound method method() must be called with Super instance as first argument (got nothing instead)  

 

【錯誤分析】Python中調用類的方法,必須與實例綁定,或者調用自身.

復制代碼代碼如下:

ClassName.method(x, 'Parm')
ClassName.method(self)


所以上面代碼,要調用Super類的話,只需要加個self參數即可。

復制代碼代碼如下:

class Super:  
    def method(self):  
        print "Super's method"  
  
class Sub(Super):  
    def method(self):  
        print "Sub's method"  
        Super.method(self)  
        print "Over..."  
  
S = Sub()  
S.method()  
  
  
#輸出結果  
>>>   
Sub's method  
Super's method  
Over...  

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> reload(sys)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
NameError: name 'sys' is not defined  


【錯誤分析】reload期望得到的是對象,所以該模塊必須成功導入。在沒導入模塊前,不能重載.

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> import sys  
>>> reload(sys)  
<module 'sys' (built-in)>  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> def f(x, y, z):  
    return x + y + z  
  
>>> args = (1,2,3)  
>>> print f(args)  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>  
    print f(args)  
TypeError: f() takes exactly 3 arguments (1 given)

 

【錯誤分析】args是一個元祖,如果是f(args),那么元祖是作為一個整體作為一個參數
*args,才是將元祖中的每個元素作為參數

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f(*args)  
6  

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> def f(a,b,c,d):  
...   print a,b,c,d  
...  
>>> args = (1,2,3,4)  
>>> f(**args)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
TypeError: f() argument after ** must be a mapping, not tuple  

 

【錯誤分析】錯誤原因**匹配並收集在字典中所有包含位置的參數,但傳遞進去的卻是個元祖。
所以修改傳遞參數如下:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> args = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}  
>>> args['d'] = 4  
>>> f(**args)  
1 2 3 4  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

【錯誤分析】在函數hider()內使用了內置變量open,但根據Python作用域規則LEGB的優先級:
先是查找本地變量==》模塊內的其他函數==》全局變量==》內置變量,查到了即停止查找。
所以open在這里只是個字符串,不能作為打開文件來使用,所以報錯,更改變量名即可。
可以導入__builtin__模塊看到所有內置變量:異常錯誤、和內置方法

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> import __builtin__
>>> dir(__builtin__)
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',..
  .........................................zip,filter,map]
 


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

In [105]: T1 = (1)  
In [106]: T2 = (2,3)  
In [107]: T1 + T2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------  
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)  
<ipython-input-107-b105c7b32d90> in <module>()  
----> 1 T1 + T2;  
  
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'tuple'  


【錯誤分析】(1)的類型是整數,所以不能與另一個元祖做合並操作,如果只有一個元素的元祖,應該用(1,)來表示

復制代碼代碼如下:

In [108]: type(T1)  
Out[108]: int  
  
In [109]: T1 = (1,)  
In [110]: T2 = (2,3)  
In [111]: T1 + T2  
Out[111]: (1, 2, 3)  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> hash(1,(2,[3,4]))  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#95>", line 1, in <module>  
    hash((1,2,(2,[3,4])))  
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'  

 

【錯誤分析】字典中的鍵必須是不可變對象,如(整數,浮點數,字符串,元祖).
可用hash()判斷某個對象是否可哈希

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> hash('string')  
-1542666171  


但列表中元素是可變對象,所以是不可哈希的,所以會報上面的錯誤.
如果要用列表作為字典中的鍵,最簡單的辦法是:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> D = {}  
>>> D[tuple([3,4])] = 5  
>>> D  
{(3, 4): 5}  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> L = [2,1,4,3]  
>>> L.reverse().sort()  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'sort'  
>>> L  
[3, 4, 1, 2]  

 

【錯誤分析】列表屬於可變對象,其append(),sort(),reverse()會在原處修改對象,不會有返回值,
或者說返回值為空,所以要實現反轉並排序,不能並行操作,要分開來寫

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> L = [2,1,4,3]  
>>> L.reverse()  
>>> L.sort()  
>>> L  
[1, 2, 3, 4]  


或者用下面的方法實現:

復制代碼代碼如下:

In [103]: sorted(reversed([2,1,4,3]))  
Out[103]: [1, 2, 3, 4]  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> class = 78  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  

 

【錯誤分析】class是Python保留字,Python保留字不能做變量名,可以用Class,或klass
同樣,保留字不能作為模塊名來導入,比如說,有個and.py,但不能將其作為模塊導入

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> import and  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f = open('D:\new\text.data','r')  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
IOError: [Errno 22] invalid mode ('r') or filename: 'D:\new\text.data'  
>>> f = open(r'D:\new\text.data','r')  
>>> f.read()  
'Very\ngood\naaaaa'  


【錯誤分析】\n默認為換行,\t默認為TAB鍵.
所以在D:\目錄下找不到ew目錄下的ext.data文件,將其改為raw方式輸入即可。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

 

復制代碼代碼如下:

try:  
    print 1 / 0  
      
except ZeroDivisionError:  
    print 'integer division or modulo by zero'  
      
finally:  
    print 'Done'  
  
else:    
    print 'Continue Handle other part'  
報錯如下:  
D:\>python Learn.py  
  File "Learn.py", line 11  
    else:  
       ^  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  

 

【錯誤分析】錯誤原因,else, finally執行位置;正確的程序應該如下:

復制代碼代碼如下:

try:  
    print 1 / 0  
      
except ZeroDivisionError:  
    print 'integer division or modulo by zero'  
  
  
else:    
    print 'Continue Handle other part'  
      
finally:  
    print 'Done'  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> [x,y for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]  
  File "<stdin>", line 1  
    [x,y for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]  
           ^  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  


【錯誤分析】錯誤原因,列表解析中,x,y必須以數組的方式列出(x,y)

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> [(x,y) for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]  
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2)]  
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
class JustCounter:  
    __secretCount = 0  
  
    def count(self):  
        self.__secretCount += 1  
        print 'secretCount is:', self.__secretCount  
  
count1 = JustCounter()  
  
count1.count()  
count1.count()  
  
count1.__secretCount  

 

報錯如下:

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>>   
secretCount is: 1  
secretCount is: 2  
  
  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\Learn.py", line 13, in <module>  
    count1.__secretCount  
AttributeError: JustCounter instance has no attribute '__secretCount'  

 

【錯誤分析】雙下划線的類屬性__secretCount不可訪問,所以會報無此屬性的錯誤.

解決辦法如下:

復制代碼代碼如下:

# 1. 可以通過其內部成員方法訪問  
# 2. 也可以通過訪問  
ClassName._ClassName__Attr  
#或   
ClassInstance._ClassName__Attr  
#來訪問,比如:  
print count1._JustCounter__secretCount  
print JustCounter._JustCounter__secretCount   


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> print x  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
NameError: name 'x' is not defined  
>>> x = 1  
>>> print x  
1  

 

【錯誤分析】Python不允許使用未賦值變量
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> t = (1,2)  
>>> t.append(3)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'  
>>> t.remove(2)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'remove'  
>>> t.pop()  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pop'  


【錯誤分析】屬性錯誤,歸根到底在於元祖是不可變類型,所以沒有這幾種方法.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> t = ()  
>>> t[0]  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
IndexError: tuple index out of range  
>>> l = []  
>>> l[0]  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
IndexError: list index out of range  

 

【錯誤分析】空元祖和空列表,沒有索引為0的項
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> if X>Y:  
...  X,Y = 3,4  
...   print X,Y  
  File "<stdin>", line 3  
    print X,Y  
    ^  
IndentationError: unexpected indent  
  
  
>>>   t = (1,2,3,4)  
  File "<stdin>", line 1  
    t = (1,2,3,4)  
    ^  
IndentationError: unexpected indent  

 

【錯誤分析】一般出在代碼縮進的問題
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f = file('1.txt')  
>>> f.readline()  
'AAAAA\n'  
>>> f.readline()  
'BBBBB\n'  
>>> f.next()  
'CCCCC\n'  

 

【錯誤分析】如果文件里面沒有行了會報這種異常

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> f.next() #  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
StopIteration


有可迭代的對象的next方法,會前進到下一個結果,而在一系列結果的末尾時,會引發StopIteration的異常.
next()方法屬於Python的魔法方法,這種方法的效果就是:逐行讀取文本文件的最佳方式就是根本不要去讀取。
取而代之的用for循環去遍歷文件,自動調用next()去調用每一行,且不會報錯

復制代碼代碼如下:

for line in open('test.txt','r'):  
    print line  

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> string = 'SPAM'  
>>> a,b,c = string  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
ValueError: too many values to unpack  


【錯誤分析】接受的變量少了,應該是

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> a,b,c,d = string  
>>> a,d  
('S', 'M')  
#除非用切片的方式  
>>> a,b,c = string[0],string[1],string[2:]  
>>> a,b,c  
('S', 'P', 'AM')  
或者  
>>> a,b,c = list(string[:2]) + [string[2:]]  
>>> a,b,c  
('S', 'P', 'AM')  
或者  
>>> (a,b),c = string[:2],string[2:]  
>>> a,b,c  
('S', 'P', 'AM')  
或者  
>>> ((a,b),c) = ('SP','AM')  
>>> a,b,c  
('S', 'P', 'AM')  
  
簡單點就是:  
>>> a,b = string[:2]  
>>> c   = string[2:]  
>>> a,b,c  
('S', 'P', 'AM')  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> mydic={'a':1,'b':2}  
>>> mydic['a']  
1  
>>> mydic['c']  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?  
KeyError: 'c'  


【錯誤分析】當映射到字典中的鍵不存在時候,就會觸發此類異常, 或者可以,這樣測試

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> 'a' in mydic.keys()  
True  
>>> 'c' in mydic.keys()              #用in做成員歸屬測試  
False  
>>> D.get('c','"c" is not exist!')   #用get或獲取鍵,如不存在,會打印后面給出的錯誤信息  
'"c" is not exist!'  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

File "study.py", line 3  
  return None  
  ^  
dentationError: unexpected indent  


【錯誤分析】一般是代碼縮進問題,TAB鍵或空格鍵不一致導致

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>>def A():  
return A()  
>>>A() #無限循環,等消耗掉所有內存資源后,報最大遞歸深度的錯誤    
File "<pyshell#2>", line 2, in A return A()RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded  
class Bird:  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.hungry = True  
    def eat(self):  
        if self.hungry:  
            print "Ahaha..."  
            self.hungry = False  
        else:  
            print "No, Thanks!"  


該類定義鳥的基本功能吃,吃飽了就不再吃  
輸出結果:  

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> b = Bird()  
>>> b.eat()  
Ahaha...  
>>> b.eat()  
No, Thanks!  


下面一個子類SingBird,  

復制代碼代碼如下:

class SingBird(Bird):  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.sound = 'squawk'  
    def sing(self):  
        print self.sound 

  
輸出結果:  

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> s = SingBird()  
>>> s.sing()  
squawk  

 

SingBird是Bird的子類,但如果調用Bird類的eat()方法時,  

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> s.eat()  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module>  
    s.eat()  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\Person.py", line 42, in eat  
    if self.hungry:  
AttributeError: SingBird instance has no attribute 'hungry'  

 

【錯誤分析】代碼錯誤很清晰,SingBird中初始化代碼被重寫,但沒有任何初始化hungry的代碼

復制代碼代碼如下:

class SingBird(Bird):  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.sound = 'squawk'  
        self.hungry = Ture #加這么一句  
    def sing(self):  
        print self.sound  

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

class Bird:  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.hungry = True  
    def eat(self):  
        if self.hungry:  
            print "Ahaha..."  
            self.hungry = False  
        else:  
            print "No, Thanks!"  
  
class SingBird(Bird):  
    def __init__(self):  
        super(SingBird,self).__init__()  
        self.sound = 'squawk'  
    def sing(self):  
        print self.sound  
>>> sb = SingBird()  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module>  
    sb = SingBird()  
  File "D:\Learn\Python\Person.py", line 51, in __init__  
    super(SingBird,self).__init__()  
TypeError: must be type, not classobj  


【錯誤分析】在模塊首行里面加上__metaclass__=type,具體還沒搞清楚為什么要加

復制代碼代碼如下:

__metaclass__=type  
class Bird:  
    def __init__(self):  
        self.hungry = True  
    def eat(self):  
        if self.hungry:  
            print "Ahaha..."  
            self.hungry = False  
        else:  
            print "No, Thanks!"  
  
class SingBird(Bird):  
    def __init__(self):  
        super(SingBird,self).__init__()  
        self.sound = 'squawk'  
    def sing(self):  
        print self.sound  
>>> S = SingBird()  
>>> S.  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  
>>> S.  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  
>>> S.eat()  
Ahaha...  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> T  
(1, 2, 3, 4)  
>>> T[0] = 22   
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<pyshell#129>", line 1, in <module>  
    T[0] = 22  
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment 


【錯誤分析】元祖不可變,所以不可以更改;可以用切片或合並的方式達到目的.

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> T = (1,2,3,4)  
>>> (22,) + T[1:]  
(22, 2, 3, 4)  


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> X = 1;  
>>> Y = 2;  
>>> X + = Y  
  File "<stdin>", line 1  
    X + = Y  
        ^  
SyntaxError: invalid syntax  


【錯誤分析】增強行賦值不能分開來寫,必須連着寫比如說 +=, *=

復制代碼代碼如下:

>>> X += Y  
>>> X;Y  
3  
2  


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