一、實驗環境
1.Windows7x64_SP1
2.anaconda2.5.0 + python2.7(anaconda集成，不需單獨安裝)
3.pyinstaller3.0
python2.7使用最新3.5存在問題，使用最新3.5存在問題，使用最新3.5存在問題，重要的事情說三遍！
安裝最新的pyinstaller3.5，打包運行正常，但運行程序報錯，彈出對話框提示Fatal Error，做如下debug：
1.使用管理員權限運行cmd，輸入如下命令
pyinstaller -D smartbit_tool.py -w -i .\ico\magnifier.ico
運行程序依然報錯，彈出對話框提示Fatal Error，看來不是cmd權限不夠問題
2.pyinstaller打包參數中打開控制台，命令如下
pyinstaller -D smartbit_tool.py -i .\ico\magnifier.ico
運行程序依然報錯，彈出的控制台一閃而過，無法看清具體出錯信息
在批處理中執行如上程序，終於看到報錯信息，提示pyinstaller未找到sip模塊，Google后發現pyinstaller會調用sip模塊，非個人編寫的程序代碼。
於是卸載pyinstaller3.5，重新安裝pyinstaller3.0，打包程序，程序運行正常。
二、實驗步驟
2.1 pyinstaller幫助手冊 ，可以使用如下命令查看
pyinstaller -h
幫助文檔如下：
Usage: pyinstaller [opts] <scriptname> [ <scriptname> ...] | <specfile>
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version Show program version info and exit.
--distpath=DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
--workpath=WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
and etc. (default: .\build)
-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:
SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
confirmation
--upx-dir=UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
path)
-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
included if available)
--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
before building.
--log-level=LOGLEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages
(default: INFO, choose one of DEBUG, INFO, WARN,
ERROR, CRITICAL)
What to generate:
-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.
-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
(default)
--specpath=DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
current directory)
-n NAME, --name=NAME
Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
(default: first script's basename)
What to bundle, where to search:
-p DIR, --paths=DIR
A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
this option multiple times
--hidden-import=MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir=HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook=RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module=EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (his Python names,not path
names) that will be ignored (as thoughit was not
found).This option can be used multiple times.
--key=KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.
How to generate:
-d, --debug Tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while
initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to
diagnose problems with missing imports.
-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
-c, --console, --nowindowed
Open a console window for standard i/o (default)
-w, --windowed, --noconsole
Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
building an OS X .app bundle.This option is ignored in
*NIX systems.
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon=<FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>
FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
X
Windows specific options:
--version-file=FILE
add a version resource from FILE to the exe
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest=<FILE or XML>
add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
-r <FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]>, --resource=<FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]>
Add or update a resource of the given type, name and
language from FILE to a Windows executable. FILE can
be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least
TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to
0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all
resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll
files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated
to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are
omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be
used multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will
request elevation upon application restart.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.
Mac OS X specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier=BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)
Obsolete options (not used anymore):
-X, -K, -C, -o, --upx, --tk, --configfile, --skip-configure, --out, --buildpath
These options do not exist anymore.
2.2 常用參數說明
- -D 創建一個目錄，里面包含exe以及其他一些依賴性文件
- -F 表示生成單個可執行文件
- -w 表示去掉控制台窗口，在GUI界面時非常有用
- -i 表示可執行文件的圖標，請使用*.ico格式圖片
需要特別強調的是-i參數，可執行文件圖標要求如下：
Windows XP: Explorer views: Details / List: 16 Icons: 32 Tiles / Thumbnails: 48 Right-click->Properties / choosing a new icon: 32 Quickstart area: 16 Desktop: 32 Windows 7: Explorer views: Details / List / Small symbols: 16 All other options: 256 (resized, if necessary) Right-click->Properties / choosing a new icon: 32 Pinned to taskbar: 32 Right-click-menu: 16 Desktop: Small symbols: 32 Medium symbols: 48 Large symbols: 256 (resized, if necessary) Zooming using Ctrl+Mouse wheel: 16, 32, 48, 256
Windows XP uses 16, 32, 48-size icons
while Windows 7 (and presumably also Vista) also uses 256-size icons. 所有中間尺寸會被過濾
2.3 參數組合使用
2.3.1 smartbit_tool.py打包為一個文件夾、關閉控制台、添加程序圖標
pyinstaller -D smartbit_tool.py -w -i .\ico\magnifier.ico
2.3.2 smartbit_tool.py打包為單個文件、關閉控制台、添加程序圖標
pyinstaller -F smartbit_tool.py -w -i .\ico\magnifier.ico
2.4 程序圖標下載網站
提供各種尺寸圖片下載，非常方便！