opencv各種小例子

圖像腐蝕

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>//OpenCV highgui 模塊頭文件 ~
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 圖像處理頭文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空間
int main() //控制台應用程序的入 口 函數，我們的程序從這里開始
{
Mat srclmage = imread("G:\\QQ圖片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原圖 ] ",srclmage);
//進行腐蝕操作 
Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15, 15));//getStructuringElement函數的返回值為指定形狀和尺寸的結構元素(內核矩陣〉
Mat dstlmage;
erode(srclmage, dstlmage, element);
//顯示效果圖 
imshow ("[ 效果圖 ] ", dstlmage); 
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

圖像模糊

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>//OpenCV highgui 模塊頭文件 ~
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 圖像處理頭文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空間
int main() //控制台應用程序的入 口 函數，我們的程序從這里開始
{
Mat srclmage = imread("G:\\QQ圖片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原圖 ] ",srclmage);
//進行均值濾波操作
Mat dstlmage;
blur(srclmage, dstlmage, Size(7, 7));
imshow ("[ 效果圖 ] ", dstlmage); 
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

canny邊緣檢測

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 圖像處理頭文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空間
int main() //控制台應用程序的入 口 函數，我們的程序從這里開始
{
Mat srcImage = imread("G:\\QQ圖片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原圖 ] ",srcImage);
Mat dstImage, edge, grayImage;
//創建與src同類型和大小的矩陣（dst）
dstImage.create(srcImage.size(), srcImage.type());
//將原圖像轉換為灰度圖像,Opencv2
cvtColor(srcImage, grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
/*Opencv3
cvtColor(srcImage,grayImage,COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
*/
//先使用3x3內核來降噪
blur(grayImage, edge, Size(3, 3));
//運行Canny算子
Canny(edge, edge, 3, 9, 3);
//顯示
imshow ("[ 效果圖 ] ", edge); 
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

讀取視頻

#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
	//讀入視頻
	VideoCapture capture("G:\\視覺資料\\【OpenCV3版】《OpenCV3編程入門》書本配套源代碼\\【1】書本正篇程序源代碼\\【1】第一章\\【6】播放視頻\\6_播放視頻\\1.avi ");
		//循環顯示每一幀
		while(1)
	{
		Mat frame;//定義一個Mat變量，用於儲存每一幀的圖像
		capture >> frame;//讀取當前幀
		imshow("讀取視頻",frame);//顯示當前幀
		waitKey(30);//延時30ms

	}
	return 0;
}

canny從攝像頭得到的視頻

#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
	
	VideoCapture capture(0);
	Mat edges;
		//循環顯示每一幀
		while(1)
	{
		Mat frame;//定義一個Mat變量，用於儲存每一幀的圖像
		capture >> frame;//讀取當前幀
		cvtColor(frame, edges, CV_BGR2GRAY);
		blur(edges, edges, Size(7, 7));
		Canny(edges, edges, 0, 30, 3);
		imshow("canny后的視頻",edges);//顯示當前幀
		if(waitKey(30)>=0)break;//延時30ms

	}
	return 0;
}

2.1.1 彩色目標跟蹤:Camshift

注意：本代碼僅供學習交流所用，所有權歸《OpenCV3編程入門》OpenCV3版書，請勿商用

#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;



//-----------------------------------【全局變量聲明】-----------------------------------------
//		描述：聲明全局變量
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat image;
bool backprojMode = false;
bool selectObject = false;
int trackObject = 0;
bool showHist = true;
Point origin;
Rect selection;
int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;


//--------------------------------【onMouse( )回調函數】------------------------------------
//		描述：鼠標操作回調
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void onMouse(int event, int x, int y, int, void*)
{
	if (selectObject)
	{
		selection.x = MIN(x, origin.x);
		selection.y = MIN(y, origin.y);
		selection.width = std::abs(x - origin.x);
		selection.height = std::abs(y - origin.y);

		selection &= Rect(0, 0, image.cols, image.rows);
	}

	switch (event)
	{
		//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
		//case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
		//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
	case EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
		origin = Point(x, y);
		selection = Rect(x, y, 0, 0);
		selectObject = true;
		break;
		//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
		//case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
		//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
	case EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
		selectObject = false;
		if (selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0)
			trackObject = -1;
		break;
	}
}

//--------------------------------【help( )函數】----------------------------------------------
//		描述：輸出幫助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
	cout << "\n\n\t\t\t非常感謝購買《OpenCV3編程入門》一書！\n"
		<< "\n\n\t\t\t此為本書OpenCV3版的第8個配套示例程序\n"
		<< "\n\n\t\t\t   當前使用的OpenCV版本為：" << CV_VERSION
		<< "\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------";

	cout << "\n\n\t此Demo顯示了基於均值漂移的追蹤（tracking）技術\n"
		"\t請用鼠標框選一個有顏色的物體，對它進行追蹤操作\n";

	cout << "\n\n\t操作說明： \n"
		"\t\t用鼠標框選對象來初始化跟蹤\n"
		"\t\tESC - 退出程序\n"
		"\t\tc - 停止追蹤\n"
		"\t\tb - 開/關-投影視圖\n"
		"\t\th - 顯示/隱藏-對象直方圖\n"
		"\t\tp - 暫停視頻\n";
}

const char* keys =
{
	"{1|  | 0 | camera number}"
};


//-----------------------------------【main( )函數】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台應用程序的入口函數，我們的程序從這里開始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, const char** argv)
{
	ShowHelpText();

	VideoCapture cap;
	Rect trackWindow;
	int hsize = 16;
	float hranges[] = { 0,180 };
	const float* phranges = hranges;

	cap.open(0);

	if (!cap.isOpened())
	{
		cout << "不能初始化攝像頭\n";
	}

	namedWindow("Histogram", 0);
	namedWindow("CamShift Demo", 0);
	setMouseCallback("CamShift Demo", onMouse, 0);
	createTrackbar("Vmin", "CamShift Demo", &vmin, 256, 0);
	createTrackbar("Vmax", "CamShift Demo", &vmax, 256, 0);
	createTrackbar("Smin", "CamShift Demo", &smin, 256, 0);

	Mat frame, hsv, hue, mask, hist, histimg = Mat::zeros(200, 320, CV_8UC3), backproj;
	bool paused = false;

	for (;;)
	{
		if (!paused)
		{
			cap >> frame;
			if (frame.empty())
				break;
		}

		frame.copyTo(image);

		if (!paused)
		{
			cvtColor(image, hsv, COLOR_BGR2HSV);

			if (trackObject)
			{
				int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;

				inRange(hsv, Scalar(0, smin, MIN(_vmin, _vmax)),
					Scalar(180, 256, MAX(_vmin, _vmax)), mask);
				int ch[] = { 0, 0 };
				hue.create(hsv.size(), hsv.depth());
				mixChannels(&hsv, 1, &hue, 1, ch, 1);

				if (trackObject < 0)
				{
					Mat roi(hue, selection), maskroi(mask, selection);
					calcHist(&roi, 1, 0, maskroi, hist, 1, &hsize, &phranges);
					//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
					normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
					//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
					//normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, CV_MINMAX);

					trackWindow = selection;
					trackObject = 1;

					histimg = Scalar::all(0);
					int binW = histimg.cols / hsize;
					Mat buf(1, hsize, CV_8UC3);
					for (int i = 0; i < hsize; i++)
						buf.at<Vec3b>(i) = Vec3b(saturate_cast<uchar>(i*180. / hsize), 255, 255);

					//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
					cvtColor(buf, buf, COLOR_HSV2BGR);
					//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
					//cvtColor(buf, buf, CV_HSV2BGR);

					for (int i = 0; i < hsize; i++)
					{
						int val = saturate_cast<int>(hist.at<float>(i)*histimg.rows / 255);
						rectangle(histimg, Point(i*binW, histimg.rows),
							Point((i + 1)*binW, histimg.rows - val),
							Scalar(buf.at<Vec3b>(i)), -1, 8);
					}
				}

				calcBackProject(&hue, 1, 0, hist, backproj, &phranges);
				backproj &= mask;
				RotatedRect trackBox = CamShift(backproj, trackWindow,

					//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
					TermCriteria(TermCriteria::EPS | TermCriteria::COUNT, 10, 1));
				//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
				//TermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ));

				if (trackWindow.area() <= 1)
				{
					int cols = backproj.cols, rows = backproj.rows, r = (MIN(cols, rows) + 5) / 6;
					trackWindow = Rect(trackWindow.x - r, trackWindow.y - r,
						trackWindow.x + r, trackWindow.y + r) &
						Rect(0, 0, cols, rows);
				}

				if (backprojMode)
					cvtColor(backproj, image, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);

				//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
				ellipse(image, trackBox, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, LINE_AA);
				//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
				//ellipse( image, trackBox, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, CV_AA );

			}
		}
		else if (trackObject < 0)
			paused = false;

		if (selectObject && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0)
		{
			Mat roi(image, selection);
			bitwise_not(roi, roi);
		}

		imshow("CamShift Demo", image);
		imshow("Histogram", histimg);

		char c = (char)waitKey(10);
		if (c == 27)
			break;
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'b':
			backprojMode = !backprojMode;
			break;
		case 'c':
			trackObject = 0;
			histimg = Scalar::all(0);
			break;
		case 'h':
			showHist = !showHist;
			if (!showHist)
				destroyWindow("Histogram");
			else
				namedWindow("Histogram", 1);
			break;
		case 'p':
			paused = !paused;
			break;
		default:
			;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

9_用光流法進行運動目標檢測

//---------------------------------【頭文件、命名空間包含部分】----------------------------
//		描述：包含程序所使用的頭文件和命名空間
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/video/video.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;





//-----------------------------------【全局函數聲明】-----------------------------------------
//		描述：聲明全局函數
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void tracking(Mat &frame, Mat &output);
bool addNewPoints();
bool acceptTrackedPoint(int i);

//-----------------------------------【全局變量聲明】-----------------------------------------
//		描述：聲明全局變量
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
string window_name = "optical flow tracking";
Mat gray;	// 當前圖片
Mat gray_prev;	// 預測圖片
vector<Point2f> points[2];	// point0為特征點的原來位置，point1為特征點的新位置
vector<Point2f> initial;	// 初始化跟蹤點的位置
vector<Point2f> features;	// 檢測的特征
int maxCount = 500;	// 檢測的最大特征數
double qLevel = 0.01;	// 特征檢測的等級
double minDist = 10.0;	// 兩特征點之間的最小距離
vector<uchar> status;	// 跟蹤特征的狀態，特征的流發現為1，否則為0
vector<float> err;


//--------------------------------【help( )函數】----------------------------------------------
//		描述：輸出幫助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void help()
{
	//輸出歡迎信息和OpenCV版本
	cout <<"\n\n\t\t\t非常感謝購買《OpenCV3編程入門》一書！\n"
		<<"\n\n\t\t\t此為本書OpenCV3版的第9個配套示例程序\n"
		<<	"\n\n\t\t\t   當前使用的OpenCV版本為：" << CV_VERSION 
		<<"\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------" ;
}


//-----------------------------------【main( )函數】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台應用程序的入口函數，我們的程序從這里開始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{

	Mat frame;
	Mat result;

	VideoCapture capture("1.avi");

	help();
	if(capture.isOpened())	// 攝像頭讀取文件開關
	{
		while(true)
		{
			capture >> frame;

			if(!frame.empty())
			{ 
				tracking(frame, result);
			}
			else
			{ 
				printf(" --(!) No captured frame -- Break!");
				break;
			}

			int c = waitKey(50);
			if( (char)c == 27 )
			{
				break; 
			} 
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: tracking
// brief: 跟蹤
// parameter: frame	輸入的視頻幀
//			  output 有跟蹤結果的視頻幀
// return: void
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void tracking(Mat &frame, Mat &output)
{

	//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
	cvtColor(frame, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
	//cvtColor(frame, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY);

	frame.copyTo(output);

	// 添加特征點
	if (addNewPoints())
	{
		goodFeaturesToTrack(gray, features, maxCount, qLevel, minDist);
		points[0].insert(points[0].end(), features.begin(), features.end());
		initial.insert(initial.end(), features.begin(), features.end());
	}

	if (gray_prev.empty())
	{
		gray.copyTo(gray_prev);
	}
	// l-k光流法運動估計
	calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(gray_prev, gray, points[0], points[1], status, err);
	// 去掉一些不好的特征點
	int k = 0;
	for (size_t i=0; i<points[1].size(); i++)
	{
		if (acceptTrackedPoint(i))
		{
			initial[k] = initial[i];
			points[1][k++] = points[1][i];
		}
	}
	points[1].resize(k);
	initial.resize(k);
	// 顯示特征點和運動軌跡
	for (size_t i=0; i<points[1].size(); i++)
	{
		line(output, initial[i], points[1][i], Scalar(0, 0, 255));
		circle(output, points[1][i], 3, Scalar(0, 255, 0), -1);
	}

	// 把當前跟蹤結果作為下一此參考
	swap(points[1], points[0]);
	swap(gray_prev, gray);

	imshow(window_name, output);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: addNewPoints
// brief: 檢測新點是否應該被添加
// parameter:
// return: 是否被添加標志
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool addNewPoints()
{
	return points[0].size() <= 10;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: acceptTrackedPoint
// brief: 決定哪些跟蹤點被接受
// parameter:
// return:
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool acceptTrackedPoint(int i)
{
	return status[i] && ((abs(points[0][i].x - points[1][i].x) + abs(points[0][i].y - points[1][i].y)) > 2);
}

點追蹤

#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;



//--------------------------------【help( )函數】----------------------------------------------
//		描述：輸出幫助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void help()
{
	//輸出歡迎信息和OpenCV版本
	cout << "\n\n\t\t\t非常感謝購買《OpenCV3編程入門》一書！\n"
		<< "\n\n\t\t\t此為本書OpenCV3版的第10個配套示例程序\n"
		<< "\n\n\t\t\t   當前使用的OpenCV版本為：" << CV_VERSION
		<< "\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------";
	cout << "\n\n\t該Demo演示了 Lukas-Kanade基於光流的lkdemo\n";
	cout << "\n\t程序默認從攝像頭讀入視頻，可以按需改為從視頻文件讀入圖像\n";
	cout << "\n\t操作說明: \n"
		"\t\t通過點擊在圖像中添加/刪除特征點\n"
		"\t\tESC - 退出程序\n"
		"\t\tr -自動進行追蹤\n"
		"\t\tc - 刪除所有點\n"
		"\t\tn - 開/光-夜晚模式\n" << endl;
}

Point2f point;
bool addRemovePt = false;

//--------------------------------【onMouse( )回調函數】------------------------------------
//		描述：鼠標操作回調
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void onMouse(int event, int x, int y, int /*flags*/, void* /*param*/)
{
	//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
	//if( event == CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN )
	//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
	if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
	{
		point = Point2f((float)x, (float)y);
		addRemovePt = true;
	}
}

//-----------------------------------【main( )函數】--------------------------------------------
//		描述：控制台應用程序的入口函數，我們的程序從這里開始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	help();

	VideoCapture cap;

	//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
	//TermCriteria termcrit(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER|CV_TERMCRIT_EPS, 20, 0.03);
	//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
	TermCriteria termcrit(TermCriteria::MAX_ITER | TermCriteria::EPS, 20, 0.03);
	Size subPixWinSize(10, 10), winSize(31, 31);

	const int MAX_COUNT = 500;
	bool needToInit = false;
	bool nightMode = false;


	cap.open(0);

	if (!cap.isOpened())
	{
		cout << "Could not initialize capturing...\n";
		return 0;
	}

	namedWindow("LK Demo", 1);
	setMouseCallback("LK Demo", onMouse, 0);

	Mat gray, prevGray, image;
	vector<Point2f> points[2];

	for (;;)
	{
		Mat frame;
		cap >> frame;
		if (frame.empty())
			break;

		frame.copyTo(image);
		cvtColor(image, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

		if (nightMode)
			image = Scalar::all(0);

		if (needToInit)
		{
			// 自動初始化
			goodFeaturesToTrack(gray, points[1], MAX_COUNT, 0.01, (double)10, Mat(), 3,(bool) 0, 0.04);
			cornerSubPix(gray, points[1], subPixWinSize, Size(-1, -1), termcrit);
			addRemovePt = false;
		}
		else if (!points[0].empty())
		{
			vector<uchar> status;
			vector<float> err;
			if (prevGray.empty())
				gray.copyTo(prevGray);
			calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(prevGray, gray, points[0], points[1], status, err, winSize,
				3, termcrit, 0, 0.001);
			size_t i, k;
			for (i = k = 0; i < points[1].size(); i++)
			{
				if (addRemovePt)
				{
					if (norm(point - points[1][i]) <= 5)
					{
						addRemovePt = false;
						continue;
					}
				}

				if (!status[i])
					continue;

				points[1][k++] = points[1][i];
				circle(image, points[1][i], 3, Scalar(0, 255, 0), -1, 8);
			}
			points[1].resize(k);
		}

		if (addRemovePt && points[1].size() < (size_t)MAX_COUNT)
		{
			vector<Point2f> tmp;
			tmp.push_back(point);

			//此句代碼的OpenCV2版為：
			//cornerSubPix( gray, tmp, winSize, cvSize(-1,-1), termcrit);
			//此句代碼的OpenCV3版為：
			cornerSubPix(gray, tmp, winSize, Size(-1, -1), termcrit);
			points[1].push_back(tmp[0]);
			addRemovePt = false;
		}

		needToInit = false;
		imshow("LK Demo", image);

		char c = (char)waitKey(10);
		if (c == 27)
			break;
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'r':
			needToInit = true;
			break;
		case 'c':
			points[0].clear();
			points[1].clear();
			break;
		case 'n':
			nightMode = !nightMode;
			break;
		}

		std::swap(points[1], points[0]);
		cv::swap(prevGray, gray);
	}

	return 0;
}