(博客園對Markdown的排版也太不友好了吧(小聲逼逼))
案例概述
本案例基於ASP.NET和百度雲人臉庫,主要實現靜態人臉添加和靜態人臉檢測的功能,是筆者一個練習的小Demo
使用的工具
主要使用了VS 2017、MS SQL Server數據庫和百度雲人臉庫
實現的功能
- 人臉注冊
- 人臉搜索
功能及代碼展示
知識背景
百度人臉庫的創建
1.打開瀏覽器登錄百度智能雲,(百度賬號即可登錄)
2.應用列表|創建應用
3.人臉庫管理|選擇剛剛創建好的應用
4.在這個應用中創建新分組(這個分組將在之后上傳圖片信息中用到)
本項目中用到的類
1.AccessToken.cs
主要功能:將創建人臉庫時獲取的API Key和Sercet Key,放入json字符串中傳給百度雲人臉識別接口,與自己創建的人臉庫建立連接,並獲取連接憑證。
返回回來的json字符串中含有的Access_Token就是這個憑證。
這個類不是筆者寫的,是百度雲提供的api調用方式文檔(點此訪問),在這個文檔的基礎上,筆者進行了一些修改,形成了下面的類。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
namespace com.baidu.ai
{
public static class AccessToken
{
// 調用getAccessToken()獲取的 access_token建議根據expires_in 時間 設置緩存
// 返回token示例
public static String TOKEN = "24.adda70c11b9786206253ddb70affdc46.2592000.1493524354.282335-1234567";
// 百度雲中開通對應服務應用的 API Key 建議開通應用的時候多選服務
private static String clientId = "*********";
// 百度雲中開通對應服務應用的 Secret Key
private static String clientSecret = "**********";
public static String getAccessToken()
{
String authHost = "https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token";
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
List<KeyValuePair<String, String>> paraList = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
paraList.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("grant_type", "client_credentials"));
paraList.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("client_id", clientId));
paraList.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("client_secret", clientSecret));
HttpResponseMessage response = client.PostAsync(authHost, new FormUrlEncodedContent(paraList)).Result;
String result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
Console.WriteLine(result);
//獲取返回的字符串
//string test = AccessToken.getAccessToken();
//Response.Write(test + "<br/>");
//獲取返回的Access_Token
string Access_Token = "";
JavaScriptSerializer Jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
Dictionary<string, object> DicText = (Dictionary<string, object>)Jss.DeserializeObject(result);
//如果返回值中含有access_token,則將其值賦予Access_Token,不存在則說明獲取失敗。
if (!DicText.ContainsKey("access_token"))
{
Access_Token = "獲取Access_Token失敗";
}
else
{
Access_Token = DicText["access_token"].ToString();
}
//Session["Token"] = Access_Token;
//Response.Write(Access_Token);
return Access_Token;
}
}
}
2.FaceAdd.cs
主要功能:在人臉庫中新建人臉,並設置這個人臉的編號和分組,這個類也是基於百度雲的開發文檔
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
namespace com.baidu.ai
{
public class FaceAdd
{
// 人臉注冊
///參數說明:token->之前獲取的Access_Token,base64->圖片數據,tel->人臉編號
public static string add(string token,string base64,string tel)
{
//string token = "[調用鑒權接口獲取的token]";
string host = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/face/v3/faceset/user/add?access_token=" + token;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(host);
request.Method = "post";
request.KeepAlive = true;
//將數據寫入json字符串中
Dictionary<String, String> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
dic.Add("image", base64);
dic.Add("image_type", "BASE64");
//人臉庫里的分組名
dic.Add("group_id", "Users");
//這個人臉的編號
dic.Add("user_id", tel);
//圖片質量檢測,Low表示可以接受較低畫質的人臉數據
dic.Add("quality_control", "LOW");
//活體檢測,這里只是一個小Demo,所以沒有添加活體檢測的功能
dic.Add("liveness_control", "NONE");
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
String str = js.Serialize(dic);
byte[] buffer = encoding.GetBytes(str);
request.ContentLength = buffer.Length;
request.GetRequestStream().Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
Console.WriteLine("人臉注冊:");
Console.WriteLine(result);
return result;
}
}
}
3.FaceSearch.cs
主要功能:將從前端獲取的Base64格式的人臉圖片信息和人臉庫中已有的人臉進行對比,匹配的編號和匹配程度(百分制),參考百度雲人臉搜索。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
namespace com.baidu.ai
{
public class FaceSearch
{
// 人臉搜索
public static string Search(string token, string strbase64)
{
//服務器地址,Access_Token作為憑證
string host = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/face/v3/search?access_token=" + token;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default;
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(host);
request.Method = "post";
request.KeepAlive = true;
//序列化,生成json字符串
Dictionary<String, String> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
dic.Add("image", strbase64);
dic.Add("image_type", "BASE64");
dic.Add("group_id_list", "Users");
dic.Add("quality_control", "LOW");
dic.Add("liveness_control", "NONE");
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
String str = js.Serialize(dic);
byte[] buffer = encoding.GetBytes(str);
request.ContentLength = buffer.Length;
request.GetRequestStream().Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
Console.WriteLine("人臉搜索:");
Console.WriteLine(result);
return result;
}
}
}
主類其實就是上面三個類,但是為了方便從上面三個類返回的json字符串中取值和判斷,筆者又添加了兩個類
4.SearchReturn.cs
主要功能:實現json的反序列化,這個類文件中的幾個類定義了一個數據類型,用於存放FaceSearch返回的json字符串轉換成的變量。
其關系是 SearchReturn>Result>User_List
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
/// <summary>
/// SearchReturn 的摘要說明
/// </summary>
namespace com.baidu.ai
{
public class SearchReturn
{
public int error_code { get; set; }
public string error_msg { get; set; }
public long log_id { get; set; }
public int timestamp { get; set; }
public int cached { get; set; }
public Result result { get; set; }
}
public class Result
{
public string face_token { get; set; }
public User_List[] user_list { get; set; }
}
public class User_List
{
public string group_id { get; set; }
public string user_id { get; set; }
public string user_info { get; set; }
public float score { get; set; }
}
}
5.ReturnResultDetect.cs
主要功能:基於FaceAdd和FaceSearch返回的json字符串,獲取相應的值並返回相應的標記以幫助業務代碼的實現。
(*需要在Nuget中添加Newtonsoft包)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using com.baidu.ai;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
/// <summary>
/// ReturnResultDetect 的摘要說明
/// </summary>
namespace com.baidu.ai
{
public static class ReturnResultDetect
{
public static int GetFaceAddReturnResult(string strjson)
{
int BackResult = 0;
SearchReturn feedback = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<SearchReturn>(strjson);
if (feedback.result==null)
{
BackResult = 0;
}
else
{
BackResult = 1;
}
return BackResult;
}
public static string GetFaceSearchReturnResult(string strjson)
{
string BackResult ="";
int score = 0;
//將收到的json字符串轉化成SearchReturn類型的變量,即反序列化
SearchReturn feedback = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<SearchReturn>(strjson);
if (feedback.result==null)
{
BackResult = "_0"; //未檢測到人臉
}
else
{
score = Convert.ToInt32(feedback.result.user_list[0].score);
if (score<80)
{
BackResult = "_1"; //人臉不匹配
}
else
{
BackResult = feedback.result.user_list[0].user_id;
}
}
return BackResult;
}
}
}
人臉注冊
人臉注冊的圖像獲取主要是通過HTML5的Video標簽
和Canvas標簽
,原理是將前置攝像頭的視頻內容放到video
中顯示,然后通過點擊按鈕獲取點擊時刻的video
截圖,將圖片信息放入canvas
中保存,並且將圖片內容編碼為Base64再通過Hiddenfield
控件傳給后端,實現后端對圖片信息的獲取。
前端代碼
/*<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="User_Face_Signup.aspx.cs" Inherits="User_Face_Signup" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta charset='UTF-8' />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
<title>人臉注冊</title>
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.4, initial-scale=0.8,target-densitydpi=low-dpi" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/font.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/xadmin.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./lib/layui/layui.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./js/xadmin.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./js/cookie.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<div>
<%--<div></div>--%>
<div style="margin-top: 80px; margin-left: 20%; width: 30%; padding: 10px" class="layui-bg-green">人臉注冊</div>
<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-top: 20px">
<video id="video" autoplay="" style="width: 70%;"></video>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 20%; width: 70%">
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 20%; width: 30%">
<asp:Button ID="capture" runat="server" Text="提交並注冊" OnClick="capture_Click" class="layui-btn" />
</div>
<%--<div style="margin-left: 20%; width: 70%">
<span style="color: #f00; font-size: smaller">
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label>
</span>
</div>--%>
</div>
</div>*/
<!-- 顯示MediaStream視頻流 -->
<div>
<asp:HiddenField ID="HiddenField1" runat="server" />
</div>
<div style="display: none">
<canvas id="canvas" width="480" height="320"></canvas>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 訪問用戶媒體設備的兼容方法
function getUserMedia(constraints, success, error) {
if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) {
// 最新的標准API
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints)
.then(success).catch(error);
} else if (navigator.webkitGetUserMedia) {
// Webkit核心瀏覽器
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
} else
if (navigator.mozGetUserMedia) {
// Firefox瀏覽器
navigator.mozGetUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
} else if (navigator.getUserMedia) {
// 舊版API
navigator.getUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
}
}
var video = document.getElementById("video");// video元素
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");// canvas元素
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
// 成功的回調函數
function success(stream) {
var CompatibleURL = window.URL || window.webkitURL
video.src = CompatibleURL.createObjectURL(stream);//將視頻流設置為video元素的源
video.play();// 播放視頻
}
// 異常的回調函數
function error(error) {
console.log('訪問用戶媒體設備失敗:', error.name, error.message);
}
if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia || navigator.getUserMedia ||
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia) {
// 調用用戶媒體設備,訪問攝像頭
getUserMedia({ video: { width: 480, height: 320 } }, success, error);
} else {
alert('您的瀏覽器不支持訪問用戶媒體設備!');
}
// 綁定拍照按鈕的點擊事件
document.getElementById("capture").addEventListener("click", function () {
context.drawImage(video, 0, 0, 480, 320);
// 將video畫面在canvas上繪制出來
var data = canvas.toDataURL('image/png', 1);
//將當前顯示的圖像傳到Base64編碼的字符串里
document.getElementById('HiddenField1').value = data;
//將上面轉換好的Base64編碼傳到C#的HiddenField里,方便后端取值
});
</script>
</form>
</body>
</html>
后端代碼
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using com.baidu.ai;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Sql;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public partial class User_Face_Signup : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text= "<span style='color: #c2c2c2; font-size: x-small'>**請在光線充足的地方錄入人臉以提高刷臉登錄准確度!**<br />**准備好后點擊下方按鈕即可錄入人臉!**</ span > ";
}
protected void capture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//下面幾個從session傳過來的值是筆者這個項目里前一個頁面的值,可以不看,但是為了保證程序完整性筆者還是將其放了上來
string name = Session["UserName"].ToString();
string tel = Session["UserTel"].ToString();
string password = Session["UserPass"].ToString();
string email = Session["UserMail"].ToString();
string PreBase64 = HiddenField1.Value;
string Base64 = "";
//兼容各種不同的圖片格式
if (PreBase64.Contains("data:image/png;base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/png;base64,", "");
}
if(PreBase64.Contains("data:image/jpg; base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/jpg;base64,", "");
}
if (PreBase64.Contains("data:image/jpeg; base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/jpeg;base64,", "");
}
//調用類AccessToken中的getAccessToken方法,獲取返回值Access_Token
//注:Access_Token其實每次取值都可以保留一段時間,但是為了減少不必要的麻煩,筆者這里還是每次都獲取新的Access_Token,代價是每次都要多連接一次人臉庫,浪費時間
string Access_Token = AccessToken.getAccessToken();
//將圖片信息和對應人臉編號傳入,上傳到服務器
string Face_Add_Return = FaceAdd.add(Access_Token, Base64, tel);
//獲取人臉添加的返回值,1表示添加成功,否則為失敗
int Face_Add_Result = ReturnResultDetect.GetFaceAddReturnResult(Face_Add_Return);
if (Face_Add_Result==1)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection();
conn.ConnectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionStringProManage"].ConnectionString;
try
{
conn.Open();
string SQL = "insert into Users (uername,password,usertype,name,tel,email) values (@tel,@password,2,@name,@tel,@email)";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.CommandText = SQL;
//依次添加每個字段的值
SqlParameter ptel = new SqlParameter("@tel", SqlDbType.VarChar, 11);
ptel.Value = tel;
cmd.Parameters.Add(ptel);
SqlParameter ppassword = new SqlParameter("@password", SqlDbType.VarChar, 20);
ppassword.Value = password;
cmd.Parameters.Add(ppassword);
SqlParameter pname = new SqlParameter("@name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 10);
pname.Value = name;
cmd.Parameters.Add(pname);
SqlParameter pemail = new SqlParameter("@email", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30);
pemail.Value = email;
cmd.Parameters.Add(pemail);
int R = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //R 的值就是返回影響表的行數
if (R > 0)
{
Session["ReturnPath"] = "Move_login.aspx";
Session["Message"] = "恭喜,注冊成功!";
Response.Redirect("Success.aspx");
}
else
{
Session["Message"] = "插入失敗,請檢查您的操作!";
Response.Redirect("Error.aspx");
}
//Session["ReturnPath"] = "Admin_Add.aspx";
//Response.Redirect("Mid.aspx");
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
}
}
else
{
Label1.Text = "<span style='color: #f00; font-size: smaller'>**未檢測到人臉,請重試!**</span> ";
}
}
}
人臉搜索
人臉搜索和人臉注冊的實現方式是類似的,只不過一個是寫(注冊),一個是讀(搜索)。注冊是把人臉信息錄入人臉庫,並給其分配一個唯一標識號——人臉編號,而搜索就是一個相反的過程,通過上傳的人臉與數據庫中的人臉對比,返回這個人臉編號和相似度。
前端代碼
<%--和人臉注冊的代碼基本一致-->
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="User_Face_Login.aspx.cs" Inherits="User_Face_Login" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta charset='UTF-8' />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no"/>
<title>刷臉登錄</title>
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.4, initial-scale=0.8,target-densitydpi=low-dpi" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/font.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/xadmin.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./lib/layui/layui.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./js/xadmin.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./js/cookie.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<div>
<%--<div></div>--%>
<div style="margin-top: 80px; margin-left: 20%; width: 30%; padding: 10px" class="layui-bg-green">刷臉登錄</div>
<div style="margin-left: 20%; margin-top: 20px">
<video id="video" autoplay="" style="width: 70%;"></video>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 20%; width: 70%">
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 20%; width: 30%">
<asp:Button ID="capture" runat="server" Text="登錄" OnClick="capture_Click" class="layui-btn" />
</div>
<%--<div style="margin-left: 20%; width: 70%">
<span style="color: #f00; font-size: smaller">
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label>
</span>
</div>--%>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 顯示MediaStream視頻流 -->
<div>
<asp:HiddenField ID="HiddenField1" runat="server" />
</div>
<div style="display: none">
<canvas id="canvas" width="480" height="320"></canvas>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 訪問用戶媒體設備的兼容方法
function getUserMedia(constraints, success, error) {
if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) {
// 最新的標准API
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints)
.then(success).catch(error);
} else if (navigator.webkitGetUserMedia) {
// Webkit核心瀏覽器
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
} else
if (navigator.mozGetUserMedia) {
// Firefox瀏覽器
navigator.mozGetUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
} else if (navigator.getUserMedia) {
// 舊版API
navigator.getUserMedia(constraints, success, error);
}
}
var video = document.getElementById("video");// video元素
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");// canvas元素
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
// 成功的回調函數
function success(stream) {
var CompatibleURL = window.URL || window.webkitURL
video.src = CompatibleURL.createObjectURL(stream);//將視頻流設置為video元素的源
video.play();// 播放視頻
}
// 異常的回調函數
function error(error) {
console.log('訪問用戶媒體設備失敗:', error.name, error.message);
}
if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia || navigator.getUserMedia ||
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia) {
// 調用用戶媒體設備,訪問攝像頭
getUserMedia({ video: { width: 480, height: 320 } }, success, error);
} else {
alert('您的瀏覽器不支持訪問用戶媒體設備!');
}
// 綁定拍照按鈕的點擊事件
document.getElementById("capture").addEventListener("click", function () {
context.drawImage(video, 0, 0, 480, 320);// 將video畫面在canvas上繪制出來
var data = canvas.toDataURL('image/png', 1);
document.getElementById('HiddenField1').value = data;
});
</script>
</form>
</body>
</html>
后端代碼
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using com.baidu.ai;
public partial class User_Face_Login : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text = "<span style='color: #c2c2c2; font-size: x-small'>**請保持環境光線充足以提高刷臉登錄准確度!**<br />**准備好后點擊下方按鈕即可登錄!**</ span > ";
}
protected void capture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//與上面類似的,獲取前端傳過來的Base64格式的圖片編碼
string PreBase64 = HiddenField1.Value;
string Base64 = "";
if (PreBase64.Contains("data:image/png;base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/png;base64,", "");
}
if (PreBase64.Contains("data:image/jpg; base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/jpg;base64,", "");
}
if (PreBase64.Contains("data:image/jpeg; base64,"))
{
Base64 = PreBase64.Replace("data:image/jpeg;base64,", "");
}
//獲取Access_Token,同上
string Access_Token = AccessToken.getAccessToken();
//獲取返回的json字符串
string feedback = FaceSearch.Search(Access_Token, Base64);
//從返回的字符串中取值,並根據值給出相應的判斷
string backid = ReturnResultDetect.GetFaceSearchReturnResult(feedback);
if (backid=="_0")
{
Label1.Text = "<span style='color: #f00; font-size: smaller'>**未檢測到人臉,請重試!**</span> ";
}
else if (backid == "_1")
{
Label1.Text = "<span style='color: #f00; font-size: smaller'>**您尚未注冊,請注冊后登錄**</span> ";
Response.Redirect("Faca_Login_error.aspx");
}
else
{
Session["Move_Name"] = backid;
Session["Move_Islogin"] = 2;
Response.Redirect("Move_User.aspx");
}
}
}
本文是小弟在學習過程中做的一個小Demo,如有錯誤或者不當之處還請各位大佬斧正。
轉載請注明原文鏈接。