Cobbler自動化部署
cobbler簡介
Cobbler 可以用來快速建立 Linux 網絡安裝環境，它已將Linux網絡安裝的技術門檻，從大專以上文化水平，成功降低到了初中水平，連補鞋匠都能學會。
網絡安裝服務器套件Cobbler（補鞋匠）從前，我們一直在裝機民工這份很有前途的職業。自打若干年前Red Hat推出了 Kickstart，此后我們頓覺身價增倍。不再需要刻了光盤一台一台的安裝Linux，只要搞定PXE、DHCP、TFTP，還有那滿屏眼花繚亂不知所雲的Kickstart腳本，我們就可以像哈利波特一樣，輕點魔棒，瞬間安裝上百台服務器。這一堆花里胡哨的東西可不是一般人能夠整明白的，沒有大專以上的學歷，通不過英語四級，根本別想玩轉。總而言之，這是一份多么有前途，多么有技術含量的工作啊。很不幸，Red Hat 最新（Cobbler項目最初在2008年左右發布）發布了網絡安裝服務器套件Cobbler（補鞋匠），它已將Linux網絡安裝的技術門檻，從大專以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下水平，連補鞋匠都能學會。
1、Cobbler是一個Linux服務器安裝的服務，可以通過網絡啟動（PXE）的方式來快速安裝、重裝物理服務器和虛擬機，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
2、Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基於Web的界面管理工具（cobbler-web），還提供了API接口，可以方便二次開發使用。
3、Cobbler是較早前的kickstart的升級版，優點是比較容易配置，還自帶web界面比較易於管理。
4、Cobbler內置了一個輕量級配置管理系統，但它也支持和其它配置管理系統集成，如Puppet。
參考網站
cobbler對應關系
Cobbler的配置結構基於一組注冊的對象。每個對象表示一個與另一個實體相關聯的實體。當一個對象指向另一個對象時，它就繼承了被指向對象的數據，並可覆蓋或添加更多特定信息。
- 發行版(
distros)： 表示一個操作系統。它承載了內核和initrd的信息，以及內核參數等其他數據。 - 配置文件(
profiles)：包含一個發行版、一個kickstart文件以及可能的存儲庫，還包括更多特定的內核參數等其他數據。 - 系統(
systems)：表示要配給的機器。它包括一個配置文件或一個鏡像、IP和MAC地址、電源管理（地址、憑據、類型）以及更為專業的數據等信息。 - 鏡像(
images)：可以替換一個保函不屑於此類別的文件的發行版對象（例如，無法分為內核和initrd的對象）。
cobbler集成的服務
- PXE服務支持
- DHCP服務管理
- DNS服務管理
- 電源管理
- Kickstart服務支持
- YUM倉庫管理
- TFTP
- Apache
cobbler工作原理
Server端
- 啟動
Cobbler服務 - 進行
Cobbler錯誤檢查，執行cobbler check命令 - 進行配置同步，執行
cobbler sync命令 - 復制相關啟動文件到
TFTP目錄中 - 啟動
DHCP服務，提供地址分配 DHCP服務分配IP地址TFTP傳輸啟動文件Server端接收安裝信息Server端發送ISO鏡像與Kickstart文件
Client端
- 客戶端以
PXE模式啟動 - 客戶端獲取
IP地址 - 通過
TFTP服務器獲取啟動文件 - 進入
Cobbler安裝選擇界面 - 根據配置信息准備安裝系統
- 加載
Kickstart文件 - 傳輸系統安裝的其它文件
- 進行安裝系統
cobbler安裝
說明：虛擬機網卡采用NAT模式或者僅主機模式，不要使用橋接模式，因為后面會搭建DHCP服務器，在同一個局域網多個DHCP服務會有沖突。
VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服務也關閉，避免干擾。
環境准備
# 關閉防火牆、selinux等 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@cobbler ~]# setenforce 0 [root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
安裝cobbler
# 配置epel源 [root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install epel-release # 安裝cobbler及dhcp httpd xinetd cobbler-web [root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd # 啟動cobbler及httpd並加入開機啟動 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd cobblerd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd cobblerd
查看安裝后相關文件
[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ql cobbler /etc/cobbler # 配置文件目錄 /etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件，這個文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python寫的程序。 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服務的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服務的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服務的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目錄 /etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目錄 /etc/cobbler/power # 電源的配置文件目錄 /etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服務授權配置文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用於web訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服務的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模塊配置文件 /var/lib/cobbler # Cobbler數據目錄 /var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默認存放kickstart文件 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各種引導程序 /var/www/cobbler # 系統安裝鏡像目錄 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 導入的系統鏡像列表 /var/www/cobbler/images # 導入的系統鏡像啟動文件 /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存儲目錄 /var/log/cobbler # 日志目錄 /var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客戶端系統安裝日志 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志
配置cobbler
檢查Cobbler的配置，如果看不到下面的結果，再次重啟cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart 8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
看到上面出現的問題，然后一個一個的進行解決，先進行設置為可以動態配置，也可以直接更改配置文件。
# 設置可以動態修改配置文件 [root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c\allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings [root@cobbler ~]# grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings allow_dynamic_settings: 1 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
逐個解決上面的問題
1. server [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=192.168.2.128 2. next_server [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=192.168.2.128 3. tftp_server [root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/disable/c\disable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable xinetd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd 4. boot-loaders [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders 5. rsyncd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd 6. debmirror [optional] # 這個是可選項的，可以忽略。這里就忽略了 7. pykickstart [root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install pykickstart 8. default_password_crypted #注意：這里設置的密碼，也就是后面安裝完系統的初始化登錄密碼 [root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'admin' $1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='$1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0' 9. fencing tools [optional] [root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install fence-agents
解決完成再次查看
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
配置DHCP
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1 # 修改cobbler的dhcp模塊，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因為cobbler會覆蓋 [root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ... subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #這里改為分配的網段和掩碼 #option routers 192.168.1.5; #如果有網關，這里改為網關地址 #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; #如果有DNS，這里改為DNS地址 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #改為分配的IP的掩碼 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.254; #改為分配的IP的范圍 ...
同步cobbler配置
同步cobbler配置，它會根據配置自動修改dhcp等服務。
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler rsync No such command: rsync [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2019-06-12_152623_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jun 12 15:26:23 2019) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos6.9-x86_64/initrd.img copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure copying files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos6.9-x86_64/initrd.img Writing template files for centos6.9-x86_64 rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp processing boot_files for distro: centos6.9-x86_64 cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
這時候創建一個新虛擬機可以獲取到如下信息，沒有鏡像選擇，只能從本地啟動
cobbler命令幫助
| 命令 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| cobbler check | 核對當前設置是否有問題 |
| cobbler list | 列出所有的cobbler元素 |
| cobbler report | 列出元素的詳細信息 |
| cobbler sync | 同步配置到數據目錄，更改配置最好都執行一下 |
| cobbler reposync | 同步yum倉庫 |
| cobbler distro | 查看導入的發行版系統信息 |
| cobbler system | 查看添加的系統信息 |
| cobbler profile | 查看配置信息 |
cobbler配置安裝centos6.x
由於我這里實在centos7系統上面配置的cobbler，所以上傳了一個centos6的鏡像並進行掛載。
1）創建掛載點，並進行掛載
[root@cobbler ~]# mkdir /centos6 [root@cobbler ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /centos6
2）查看掛載后的目錄
[root@cobbler ~]# ls /centos6/ CentOS_BuildTag images repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 EFI isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 TRANS.TBL EULA Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 GPL RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
3）導入鏡像
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/centos6 --name=centos6.9 --arch=x86_64 # --path 鏡像路徑 # --name 為安裝源定義一個名字 # --arch 指定安裝源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的選項有: x86│x86_64│ia64 # 安裝源的唯一標示就是根據name參數來定義，本例導入成功后，安裝源的唯一標示就是：centos6.9，如果重復，系統會提示導入失敗。
4）查看導入后鏡像信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro report --name=centos6.9-x86_64 Name : centos6.9-x86_64 Architecture : x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Breed : redhat Comment : Fetchable Files : {} Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.9-x86_64'} Management Classes : [] OS Version : rhel6 Owners : ['admin'] Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Template Files : {}
5）查看profile信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.9-x86_64 Name : centos6.9-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : centos6.9-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Internal proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm
6）copy一份profile文件(ks)，進行修改
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ [root@cobbler kickstarts]# ls default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample.ks esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks sample_esxi5.ks sample_old.seed esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample_esxi6.ks sample.seed [root@cobbler kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks centos6.ks # 編輯centos6的kickstart文件 [root@cobbler kickstarts]# vim centos6.ks # This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7. # For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file. # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use text mode install text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # System timezone timezone Asia/ShangHai #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # System authorization information auth --useshadow --enablemd5 # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Use network installation url --url=$tree # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048 part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 # If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here. $yum_repo_stanza # Network information $SNIPPET('network_config') # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --disable # Reboot after installation reboot %pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %end %packages $SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled') @core @base tree nmap wget lftp lrzsz telnet %end %post --nochroot $SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot') %end %post $SNIPPET('log_ks_post') # Start yum configuration $yum_config_stanza # End yum configuration $SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options') $SNIPPET('post_install_network_config') $SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled') $SNIPPET('download_config_files') $SNIPPET('koan_environment') $SNIPPET('redhat_register') $SNIPPET('cobbler_register') # Enable post-install boot notification $SNIPPET('post_anamon') # Start final steps $SNIPPET('kickstart_done') # End final steps sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config %end
7）編輯centos6鏡像所使用的kickstart文件
# 動態編輯指定使用新的kickstart文件 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.ks # 驗證是否更改成功 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.9-x86_64 |grep Kickstart Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.ks
8）再次同步cobbler配置
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
9）新建虛擬機進行測試
選擇centos6.9進行安裝，會按照kickstart文件安裝並啟動
cobbler配置安裝centos7.x
我這里cobbler服務器就是7的系統，所以直接掛載/dev/cdrom即可
1）創建掛載點，並進行掛載
[root@cobbler ~]# mkdir /centos7 [root@cobbler ~]# mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /centos7
2）查看掛載后的目錄
[root@cobbler ~]# ls /centos7/ CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
3）導入鏡像
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/centos7 --name=centos7.4 --arch=x86_64 task started: 2019-06-12_165812_import task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Jun 12 16:58:12 2019) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64: creating new distro: centos7.4-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.4-x86_64 creating new profile: centos7.4-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 for centos7.4-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/repodata *** TASK COMPLETE ***
4）查看導入后鏡像信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro report --name=centos7.4-x86_64 Name : centos7.4-x86_64 Architecture : x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Breed : redhat Comment : Fetchable Files : {} Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos7.4-x86_64'} Management Classes : [] OS Version : rhel7 Owners : ['admin'] Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Template Files : {}
5）查看profile信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos7.4-x86_64 Name : centos7.4-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : centos7.4-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Internal proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm
6）copy一份profile文件( ks )，進行修改,這里直接copy上面6的了，然后修改修改即可
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ [root@cobbler kickstarts]# cp centos6.ks centos7.ks # 編輯centos7的kickstart文件 [root@cobbler kickstarts]# vim centos7.ks # This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7. # For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file. # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use text mode install text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # System timezone timezone Asia/ShangHai #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # System authorization information auth --useshadow --enablemd5 # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Use network installation url --url=$tree # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=500 part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048 part / --fstype=xfs --grow --size=200 # If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here. $yum_repo_stanza # Network information $SNIPPET('network_config') # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --disable # Reboot after installation reboot %pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %end %packages $SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled') @core @base tree nmap wget lftp lrzsz telnet %end %post --nochroot $SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot') %end %post $SNIPPET('log_ks_post') # Start yum configuration $yum_config_stanza # End yum configuration $SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options') $SNIPPET('post_install_network_config') $SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled') $SNIPPET('download_config_files') $SNIPPET('koan_environment') $SNIPPET('redhat_register') $SNIPPET('cobbler_register') # Enable post-install boot notification $SNIPPET('post_anamon') # Start final steps $SNIPPET('kickstart_done') # End final steps sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config %end
7）編輯centos7鏡像所使用的kickstart文件
# 動態編輯指定使用新的kickstart文件 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos7.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks # 驗證是否更改成功 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=centos7.4-x86_64 |grep Kickstart Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks
8）再次同步cobbler配置
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
9）新建虛擬機進行測試
選擇centos7.4進行安裝即可
說明：在client端系統安裝時，可以在cobbler服務端上查看日志/var/log/messages，觀察安裝的每一個流程
cobbler Web管理界面配置
web界面有很多功能，包括上傳鏡像、編輯kickstart、等等很多在命令行操作的都可以在web界面直接操作。
在上面已經安裝了cobbler-web軟件，訪問地址：https://IP/cobbler_web 即可。默認賬號為cobbler，密碼也為cobbler
修改密碼
/etc/cobbler/users.conf #Web服務授權配置文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest #用於web訪問的用戶名密碼 [root@cobbler ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3 # 設置密碼，在Cobbler組添加cobbler用戶，輸入2遍密碼確 [root@cobbler ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler New password: superman Re-type new password: superman # 同步配置並重啟httpd、cobbler [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
再次登錄即使用新設置的密碼登錄即可。