from http://www.cnblogs.com/wangxiaoqiangs/p/5354846.html
簡介：
關於操作系統安裝方面的自動化，早前我們使用 RedHat 推出的 Kickstart 來批量安裝操作系統，近年來 RedHat 又推出一個 Cobbler 。
Cobbler 使用 Python 開發，小巧輕便，能夠完成系統安裝、甚至一些服務的管理。（ 號稱是補鞋匠都能學會的工具 ）
Cobbler 支持命令行管理、web 界面管理、還提供了 API 接口，以便二次開法。
## 關閉 SELinux 、iptables ！！！
一、支撐環境安裝
shell > yum -y install epel-release ## 安裝 epel 源 shell > yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp pykickstart fence-agents
二、配置 Tftp 、Rsync
shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot disable = no ## 原為 yes per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 } shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync service rsync { disable = no ## 原為 yes flags = IPv6 socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/bin/rsync server_args = --daemon log_on_failure += USERID } shell > vim /etc/httpd/conf ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
## 這個東西大家都知道。
二、配置 Cobbler
shell > openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' '123456' $1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0
## 生成 root 密碼（ 此密碼為新安裝的客戶機 root 密碼 ）
shell > vim /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1 ## 原為 0 manage_tftpd: 1 manage_rsync: 1 ## 原為 0 next_server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本機 IP server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本機 IP default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0" ## 生成的 root 密碼
三、配置 DHCP
shell > vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ## 直接修改這個文件即可
subnet 192.168.214.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.214.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.214.100 192.168.214.120; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server;
## 只修改這個區域的 IP 為合適的 IP 即可
shell > chkconfig --add httpd
shell > chkconfig --add xinetd shell > chkconfig --add dhcpd shell > chkconfig --add cobblerd shell > service httpd start 正在啟動 httpd： shell > service xinetd start 正在啟動 xinetd： [確定] shell > service dhcpd start 正在啟動 dhcpd： [失敗] shell > service cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [確定] shell > cobbler check ## 檢查配置 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module> sys.exit(app.main()) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 655, in main rc = cli.run(sys.argv) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 270, in run self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1199, in __call__ return self.__send(self.__name, args) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1489, in __request verbose=self.__verbose File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1253, in request return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1392, in _parse_response return u.close() File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 838, in close raise Fault(**self._stack[0]) xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'"> shell > cobbler get-loaders （ 解決方法 ） [shell > cobbler check ## 再次檢查 The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : service dhcpd is not running 2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. ## 1 ：提示 dhcpd 沒有運行，先不管 ## 2 ：提示 debmirror 沒有安裝。如果不是安裝 debian 之類的系統，可以忽略此提示。 （如需安裝，下載地址為：http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=debmirror） shell > cobbler sync ## 同步操作 task started: 2015-05-27_010456_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed May 27 01:04:56 2015) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches rendering Rsync files running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: 正在啟動 dhcpd：[確定] received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** shell > service xinetd restart 停止 xinetd： [確定] 正在啟動 xinetd： [確定] shell > service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [確定] Starting cobbler daemon: [確定]
三、導入安裝源
shell > mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ shell > cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-6.6-minimal
## 輸出信息略（Cobbler 將鏡像拷貝一份放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 目錄下）
（同時會創建一個名為 Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 的發布版本及 profile 文件）
shell > cobbler list
distros:
Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 profiles: Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 systems: repos: images: mgmtclasses: packages: files:
四、創建 ks 文件
shell > vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks # platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T # version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://192.168.214.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x84_64/" # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$hk0MvN4A$Dz.sYvyDjac1.cMVTk9270 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang zh_CN # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Installation logging level logging --level=info # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024 part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
## 這是我安裝了 system-config-kickstart 在圖形界面生成的 ks 文件。
## 看到第一行注釋行中有一個漢字了嗎？就是這個漢字讓我卡了兩天...（ 文件中不要有漢字 ）
五、關聯 ks 文件
shell > cobbler distro list
Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
## 有一個鏡像
shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Name : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm
## 看到這個鏡像默認使用的 ks 文件為 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
shell > cobbler profile add --name=Centos-6.6-minimal --distro=Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks
## 關聯后，再次查看是否關聯成功
shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal Name : Centos-6.6-minimal TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : xenpv
## 已經關聯成功 ！
shell > cobbler --help
usage
===== cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help] cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help] shell > cobbler profile --help usage ===== cobbler profile add cobbler profile copy cobbler profile dumpvars cobbler profile edit cobbler profile find cobbler profile getks cobbler profile list cobbler profile remove cobbler profile rename cobbler profile report
## 它有多種方法，添加、編輯、移除等等（ 用到時，請自己琢磨 ）。
shell > cobbler sync
## 同步一下配置，客戶端開機測試
## 從網絡引導進入后，會有一個選擇列表，選擇要安裝 profile ，就可以自動完成安裝。
## 修改 ks.cfg 文件后，不需要 sync 就可以直接生效！
## 如果不想關閉防火牆，那么請打開 TCP ( 69、80、25151 ) 端口。
## 遇到問題仔細觀察，ks.cfg 中一定不能有中文，注釋行也不可以！