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定時器TIM，pwm

本文轉載自   查看原文   2019-06-01 23:11   548    嵌入式

一、定時器

1.     定義

設置等待時間，到達后則執行指定操作的硬件。

 

2.    STM32F407的定時器有以下特征

具有基本的定時功能，也有PWM輸出（燈光控制、電機的轉速）、脈沖捕獲功能（紅外捕捉）。

 

2個高級控制定時器、10個通用定時器和2個基本定時器

 

高級控制定時器（TIM1和TIM8）

　　具有16位定時器功能，也具有PWM輸出高級控制功能

通用定時器（TIM2到TIM5）

　　具有16位定時功能，也具有PWM輸出控制功能

通用定時器（TIM9到TIM14）

　　具有16位定時功能，也具有PWM輸出控制功能

基本定時器（TIM6和TIM7）

　　具有16位定時功能

 

二、定時器初始化

 

1.   選擇時鍾源，並初始化定時器分頻值與定時時間

 

/* TIM3 clock enable ，定時器3時鍾使能*/
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
 
/* Time base configuration ，定時器基本配置*/
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000/1000)-1;                           //定時時間的設置[非常重要],中斷頻率為1000Hz，也就是定時時間為1ms
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 8400-1;                             //預分頻值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;              //時鍾分頻，也稱之為二次分頻,當前是1分頻，說白了不分頻，不降低頻率
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;        //向上計數的方法
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);                               //初始化

 

涉及部分寄存器參考如下

 

 

 

 

1.         中斷的配置

 

/* TIM Interrupts enable,使能定時器3更新中斷事件，也代表說定時已經到達的事件 */
TIM_ITConfig(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);
 
/* TIM3 enable counter，使能定時器3工作 */
TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);

 

2.         中斷服務函數的編寫

 

void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
         static uint32_t cnt=0;
         
         //是否已經有更新中斷事件
         if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update) == SET)
         {
                   //添加用戶代碼
                   cnt++;
 
                   if(cnt>=500)
                   {
                            cnt =0;
                            PFout(9)^=1;
                   
                   }
                   //清空標志位，告訴CPU我已經完成中斷處理
 TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update);          }

}

 

 TIM3

#include <stdio.h>
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "sys.h"

GPIO_InitTypeDef            GPIO_InitStructure;

TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef         NVIC_InitStructure;


void tim3_init(void)
{
    /* TIM3 clock enable ，定時器3時鍾使能*/
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);

    /* Enable the TIM3 gloabal Interrupt ，使能定時器3全局中斷*/
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);


    /* Time base configuration ，定時器基本配置*/
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000/1000)-1;            //定時時間的設置[非常重要],中斷頻率為1000Hz，也就是定時時間為1ms
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 8400-1;                //預分頻值
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;        //時鍾分頻，也稱之為二次分頻,當前是1分頻，說白了不分頻，不降低頻率
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;    //向上計數的方法
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);                //初始化

    /* TIM Interrupts enable,使能定時器3更新中斷事件，也代表說定時已經到達的事件 */
    TIM_ITConfig(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);

    /* TIM3 enable counter，使能定時器3工作 */
    TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);

}


int main(void)
{

    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOF, ENABLE);

    /* 配置PF9引腳為輸出模式 */
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;                    //第9根引腳
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;                //設置輸出模式
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;                //推挽模式，增加驅動電流
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;            //設置IO的速度為100MHz，頻率越高性能越好，頻率越低，功耗越低
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;            //不需要上拉電阻
    GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_InitStructure);


    PFout(9)=1;
    
    //定時器3初始化
    tim3_init();
    
    while(1)
    {


    }

}

void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
    static uint32_t cnt=0;
    
    //是否已經有更新中斷事件
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update) == SET)
    {
        //添加用戶代碼
        cnt++;
        
        if(cnt>=500)
        {
            cnt =0;
            
            PFout(9)^=1;
        
        }
        
        //清空標志位，告訴CPU我已經完成中斷處理
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update);
    }

}

 

tim1238_irq

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "bitband.h"

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

void tim1_init(void)
{
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1, ENABLE);
    
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
    //定時時間為100ms  168000000/16800=10000Hz 
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000/10)-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 16800-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;

    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM1, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

    TIM_ITConfig(TIM1, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);

    TIM_Cmd(TIM1, ENABLE);

}

void tim2_init(void)
{
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);
    
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
    //定時時間為200ms 84000000/84000=10000Hz
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000/5)-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 8400-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;

    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

    TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);

    TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);

}

void tim3_init(void)
{
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
    
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
    //定時時間為500ms 84000000/84000=10000Hz
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000/2)-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 8400-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;

    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

    TIM_ITConfig(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);

    TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);

}

void tim8_init(void)
{
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_TIM8, ENABLE);
    
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    
    //定時時間為2秒  168000000/168000=10000Hz
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (10000*2)-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 16800-1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;

    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM8, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

    TIM_ITConfig(TIM8, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);

    TIM_Cmd(TIM8, ENABLE);

}

int main(void)
{
    
    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOF | RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOE, ENABLE);
    
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_9|GPIO_Pin_10;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_InitStructure);
        
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_13|GPIO_Pin_14;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    PFout(9) = 1;
    PFout(10) = 1;
    PEout(13) = 1;
    PEout(14) = 1;
    
    tim1_init();
    tim2_init();
    tim3_init();
    tim8_init();

    while(1)
    {    
            
    }
}

void TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM1, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
    {

        PFout(9) ^= 1;
        
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM1, TIM_IT_Update);
    }
}

void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
    {

        PFout(10) ^= 1;
        
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update);
    }
}

void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
    {

        PEout(13) ^= 1;
        
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update);
    }
}

void TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM8, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
    {

        PEout(14) ^= 1;
        
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM8, TIM_IT_Update);
    }
}

 


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