SpringBoot和Ajax通信


Maven文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.wuyilong</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

  

控制層:

package com.demo.controller;

import com.demo.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @Auther: wuyilong
 * @Date: 2019/4/11 09:20
 * @Description:
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping(value = "/index")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/ajax", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    //@RequestBody是作用於參數的,它實現了把客戶端傳過來的json數據解析為對象,作為參數傳進來,不過客戶端傳過來的數據類型必須是application/json,不然會出錯
    private User ajax(@RequestBody User user) {
        System.out.println("收到ajax請求");
        System.out.println(user.getName());

        User u = new User();
        u.setId("1");
        u.setName("user");
        u.setPassword("1234");

        return u;
    }


}

  

User類

package com.demo.entity;

/**
 * @Auther: wuyilong
 * @Date: 2019/4/11 09:19
 * @Description:
 */
public class User {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

  

前端頁面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.8.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        function myfun() {

            alert("message");

            $.ajax({
                type:"post",
                url:"/test/ajax",
                contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8",
                data:'{"id":"1","name":"asd","password":"abc"}',
                dataType:"json", // 這里聲明收到的服務器的響應數據類型,如果是json的話,不聲明也可以正常使用
                success:function (data) {
                    //響應成功后回調函數
                    alert("收到響應");
                    $("#r").html(JSON.stringify(data)); //這里將json轉為字符串顯示(data其實是個object,不轉換的話會顯示為一片空白)
                },
                error:function () {
                    alert("error");
                }

            });
        }

    </script>

</head>
<body>


<button id="btn" type="button" onclick="myfun()">Click Me!</button>
<p id="r"></p>

</body>
</html>

  

前端頁面測試2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.8.0.js"></script>
    <script>
        function myfun() {

            alert("message");


            var param = {}
            param.id = $("#id").val();
            param.name = $("#name").val();
            param.password = $("#password").val();

            $.ajax({
                type:"post",
                url:"/test/ajax",
                contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8",
                data: JSON.stringify(param), // JSON.stringify() 將JS對象轉化為JSON格式
                dataType:"json", // 這里聲明收到的服務器的響應數據類型,如果是json的話,不聲明也可以正常使用
                success:function (data) {
                    //響應成功后回調函數
                    alert("收到響應");
                    $("#r").html(JSON.stringify(data)); //這里將json轉為字符串顯示(data其實是個object,不轉換的話會顯示為一片空白)
                },
                error:function () {
                    alert("error");
                }

            });
        }

    </script>

</head>
<body>

<p>id: <input type="text" name="id" /></p>
<p>name: <input type="text" name="name" /></p>
<p>password: <input type="text" name="password" /></p>


<button id="btn" type="button" onclick="myfun()">Click Me!</button>
<p id="r"></p>

</body>
</html>

  

測試2運行:

 

 

總結:

1、JSON.stringify() 方法用於將 JavaScript 值轉換為 JSON 字符串

2、contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8",//這里很重要,不能省略,因為默認的類型是application/x-www-form-urlencoded,如果不設置的話后台就無法使用@RequestBody正常接收

3、data:'{"id":"1","name":"asd","password":"abc"}' ,//這里有一點尤其要注意,在網上查到的資料有的是{"key":"value"}這種形式的,大括號兩端沒有引號,經過測試,這樣是不行的,必須整個加上引號

4、dataType:"json",//這里聲明收到的服務器的響應數據類型,如果是json的話,不聲明也可以正常使用

5、如果需要返回json或者xml或者自定義mediaType內容到頁面,則需要在對應的方法上加上@ResponseBody注解

 


原文:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35603331/article/details/75094935


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