Elasticsearch 索引別名的使用

幾種常用方式：

1.定時更新別名指向，更新后原索引可刪除或保留

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "alias": "logs_current",
        "index": "logs_2018-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "remove": {
        "alias": "logs_current",
        "index": "logs_2018-09"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "alias": "last_3_months",
        "index": "logs_2018-10"
      }
    },
    {
      "remove": {
        "alias": "last_3_months",
        "index": "logs_2018-07"
      }
    }
  ]
}

2.更新索引指向並刪除原索引

PUT test     
PUT test_2   
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add":  { "index": "test_2", "alias": "test" } },
        { "remove_index": { "index": "test" } }  
    ]
}

3.創建過濾視圖

創建索引
PUT /test1
{
  "mappings": {
    "_doc": {
      "properties": {
        "user" : {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

創建視圖
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test1",
                 "alias" : "alias2",
                 "filter" : { "term" : { "user" : "kimchy" } }
            }
        }
    ]
}

 

下面是索引相關操作基礎知識：

_aliases：批量操作

創建別名

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

刪除別名

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

組合操作

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },
        { "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },
        { "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

數組形式同時指定多個索引別名

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "indices" : ["test1", "test2"], "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}

通配符形式

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test*", "alias" : "all_test_indices" } }
    ]
}

 

通過別名指定routing

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias1",
                 "routing" : "1"
            }
        }
    ]
}

可以具體指定查詢和索引的routing

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias2",
                 "search_routing" : "1,2",
                 "index_routing" : "2"
            }
        }
    ]
}

如果查詢使用別名，並且參數中也指定了routing，則routing使用二者的交集，使用2.

GET /alias2/_search?q=user:kimchy&routing=2,3

當索引別名指向多個索引時，進行寫操作，其中的一個索引必須被指定為寫索引，並且只能指定一個，否則則無法寫入。

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias1",
                 "is_write_index" : true
            }
        },
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test2",
                 "alias" : "alias1"
            }
        }
    ]
}

切換寫索引屬性，原子操作

POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias1",
                 "is_write_index" : false
            }
        }, {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test2",
                 "alias" : "alias1",
                 "is_write_index" : true
            }
        }
    ]
}

 

_alias：單個別名操作

創建別名

PUT /{index}/_alias/{name}
參數：

index：The index the alias refers to. Can be any of * | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …

name：The name of the alias. This is a required option.

routing：An optional routing that can be associated with an alias.

filter：An optional filter that can be associated with an alias.

PUT /logs_201305/_alias/2013

創建一個過濾視圖

PUT /users
{
    "mappings" : {
        "_doc" : {
            "properties" : {
                "user_id" : {"type" : "integer"}
            }
        }
    }
}

PUT /users/_alias/user_12
{
    "routing" : "12",
    "filter" : {
        "term" : {
            "user_id" : 12
        }
    }
}

創建索引時同時指定別名

PUT /logs_20162801
{
    "mappings" : {
        "_doc" : {
            "properties" : {
                "year" : {"type" : "integer"}
            }
        }
    },
    "aliases" : {
        "current_day" : {},
        "2016" : {
            "filter" : {
                "term" : {"year" : 2016 }
            }
        }
    }
}

刪除別名

DELETE /{index}/_alias/{name}
index：* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …
name：* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …

DELETE /logs_20162801/_alias/current_day

查詢別名

GET /logs_20162801/_alias/*
GET /_alias/2016
GET /_alias/20*

HEAD /_alias/2016
HEAD /_alias/20*
HEAD /logs_20162801/_alias/*

 

參考資料：

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-aliases.html#alias-retrieving