python接口自動化-傳json參數

一、post請求有兩種方法傳json參數：

• 1.傳json參數（自動轉 json ）
• 2.傳data參數（需 json 轉換）

 

代碼參考：

payload = {
          "Jodie":"How are you ?",
          "python":123,
          "requests":True
          }
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"

#第一種直接傳 json 參數（推薦使用這種）
r1 = requests.post(url, json=payload)               # json 參數直接自動傳 json
print(r1.text)

print("---------------------------------------")
#第二種傳 data 參數，需要轉 json
r2 = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))    #傳 data 參數就需要傳 json
print(r2.text)

 

運行后的打印結果：

F:\test-req-py\venv\Scripts\python.exe F:/test-req-py/day3/t3.py
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"Jodie\": \"How are you ?\", \"python\": 123, \"requests\": true}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "59",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
},
"json": {
"Jodie": "How are you ?",
"python": 123,
"requests": true
},
"origin": "223.104.210.143, 223.104.210.143",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

---------------------------------------
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"Jodie\": \"How are you ?\", \"python\": 123, \"requests\": true}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "59",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
},
"json": {
"Jodie": "How are you ?",
"python": 123,
"requests": true
},
"origin": "223.104.210.143, 223.104.210.143",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

Process finished with exit code 0

 

二、快遞查詢案例

1.例如打開快遞網：http://www.kuaidi.com/，搜索 75135471609813 單號，判斷它的狀態是不是已簽收

 

實操中原本的理想代碼，實際沒不通：

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
url = "http://www.kuaidi.com/index-ajaxselectcourierinfo-75135471609813-zhongtong.html"
h = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) "
                  "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                  "Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
    "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Referer":"http://www.kuaidi.com/",
    "Cookie":"lang=zh-cn; theme=default; sid=ngr6ji5prpj85cmj7lncnccap7; "
             "UM_distinctid=169c4b016739f-069c297f9ff0e7-3a3a5d0c-100200-169c4b016752ec; "
             "CNZZDATA1254194234=2076602214-1553782570-%7C1553782570"
    }

d= {
    "geetest_challenge":"af4536ec53cb7935a0326b1c4031f1a0jt",
    "geetest_validate":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036",
    "geetest_seccode":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036|jordan"
    }
s = requests.session()
r = s.post(url, headers=h, data=d, verify=False)
result = r.json()
print(type(result))
print(result["company"])
data = result["data"]
print(data)
print(data[0])
get_result = data[0]['context']
print(get_result)
if u"簽收" in get_result:
    print("快遞單已簽收成功")
else:
    print("未簽收")

運行后 print(result["company"]) 返回的結果為 None ，后面的返回錯誤：

 

一 一排查沒找到原因，直到在 fiddle 中用 Composer 發送請求后，查看返回后的結果才明白，具體如下：

1.用composer發送請求（將之前發送成功的請求拖至此處）

2.查看返回的結果

 

實際上這個接口在fiddler上都沒有跑通，用如下代碼驗證：

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
# import urllib3
# urllib3.disable_warnings()
url = "http://www.kuaidi.com/index-ajaxselectcourierinfo-75135471609813-zhongtong.html"
h = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) "
                  "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                  "Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
    "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Referer":"http://www.kuaidi.com/",
    "Cookie":"lang=zh-cn; theme=default; sid=ngr6ji5prpj85cmj7lncnccap7; "
             "UM_distinctid=169c4b016739f-069c297f9ff0e7-3a3a5d0c-100200-169c4b016752ec; "
             "CNZZDATA1254194234=2076602214-1553782570-%7C1553782570"
    }

d= {
    "geetest_challenge":"af4536ec53cb7935a0326b1c4031f1a0jt",
    "geetest_validate":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036",
    "geetest_seccode":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036|jordan"
    }
s = requests.session()
r = s.post(url, headers=h, data=d, verify=False)
result = r.json()
print(type(result))
print(result["company"])
print(result["companytype"])
print(result["reason"])

　

返回的結果如下：

與 fiddler 返回的結果一致

所以是這個接口再次請求的時候就出現問題了，有興趣可以再換一個近期的快遞單號試試

 

本次實操收獲：以后在做接口測試的時候盡量先在fiddler 的 Compser上請求一次，看下能不能先跑通，以免出現問題的時候花大量的時間來排查！！