Python使用Plotly繪圖工具，繪制柱狀圖

使用Plotly繪制基本的柱狀圖，需要用到的函數是graph_objs 中 Bar函數

通過參數，可以設置柱狀圖的樣式。

通過barmod進行設置可以繪制出不同類型的柱狀圖出來。

我們先來實現一個簡單的柱狀圖：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
pyplt = py.offline.plot
# Trace
trace_basic = [go.Bar(
            x = ['Variable_1', 'Variable_2', 'Variable_3','Variable_4','Variable_5'],
            y = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4],
    )]
# Layout
layout_basic = go.Layout(
            title = 'The Graph Title',
            xaxis = go.XAxis(range = [-0.5,4.5], domain = [0,1])
    )
# Figure
figure_basic = go.Figure(data = trace_basic, layout = layout_basic)
# Plot
pyplt(figure_basic, filename='tmp/1.html')

 

 

上面這個例子，就是一個簡單的柱狀圖。

下面我們講下另外一種圖，柱狀簇

實現過程則是，在基本的柱狀圖中，加入多租數據即可實現，柱狀簇

import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
pyplt = py.offline.plot
# Traces
trace_1 = go.Bar(
            x = ["西南石油", "東方明珠", "海泰發展"],
            y = [4.12, 5.32, 0.60],
            name = "201609"
    )
trace_2 = go.Bar(
            x = ["西南石油", "東方明珠", "海泰發展"],
            y = [3.65, 6.14, 0.58],
            name = "201612"
    )

trace_3 = go.Bar(
            x = ["西南石油", "東方明珠", "海泰發展"],
            y = [2.15, 1.35, 0.19],
            name = "201703"
    )
trace = [trace_1, trace_2, trace_3]
# Layout
layout = go.Layout(
            title = '凈資產收益率對比圖'
    )
# Figure
figure = go.Figure(data = trace, layout = layout)
# Plot
pyplt(figure, filename='tmp/2.html')

執行上述代碼，我們可以看到如上圖所示柱狀簇圖例

可將數據堆疊生成。

接下來在講講如何繪制層疊柱狀圖

層疊柱狀圖的繪制方法與柱狀簇的繪制方法基本差不多

也就是對同一個柱狀簇進行疊加，實現方法是對Layout中的barmode屬性進行設置

barmode = 'stack'

其余參數，與柱狀簇相同。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
pyplt = py.offline.plot

# Stacked Bar Chart
trace_1 = go.Bar(
    x = ['深證50', '上證50', '西南50', '西北50','華中50'],
    y = [0.7252, 0.9912, 0.5347, 0.4436, 0.9911],
    name = '股票投資'
)

trace_2 = go.Bar(
    x = ['深證50', '上證50', '西南50', '西北50','華中50'],
    y = [0.2072, 0, 0.4081, 0.4955, 0.02],
    name='其它投資'
)

trace_3 = go.Bar(
    x = ['深證50', '上證50', '西南50', '西北50','華中50'],
    y = [0, 0, 0.037, 0, 0],
    name='債券投資'
)

trace_4 = go.Bar(
    x = ['深證50', '上證50', '西南50', '西北50','華中50'],
    y = [0.0676, 0.0087, 0.0202, 0.0609, 0.0087],
    name='銀行存款'
)

trace = [trace_1, trace_2, trace_3, trace_4]
layout = go.Layout(
    title = '基金資產配置比例圖',
    barmode='stack'
)

fig = go.Figure(data = trace, layout = layout)
pyplt(fig, filename='tmp/1.html')

 

 瀑布式柱狀圖

瀑布式柱狀圖是層疊柱狀圖的另外一種表現

可以選擇性地顯示層疊部分來實現柱狀圖的懸浮效果。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
pyplt = py.offline.plot

x_data = ['資產1', '資產2',
          '資產3','資產4', '總資產']
y_data = [56000000, 65000000, 65000000, 81000000, 81000000]
text = ['666,999,888萬元', '8,899,666萬元', '88,899,666萬元', '16,167,657萬元', '888,888,888萬元']

# Base
trace0 = go.Bar(
    x=x_data,
    y=[0, 57999848, 0, 66899764, 0],
    marker=dict(
        color='rgba(1,1,1, 0.0)',
    )
)
# Trace
trace1 = go.Bar(
    x=x_data,
    y=[57999848, 8899916, 66899764,16167657, 83067421],
    marker=dict(
        color='rgba(55, 128, 191, 0.7)',
        line=dict(
            color='rgba(55, 128, 191, 1.0)',
            width=2,
        )
    )
)

data = [trace0, trace1]
layout = go.Layout(
    title = '測試圖例',
    barmode='stack',
    showlegend=False
)

annotations = []

for i in range(0, 5):
    annotations.append(dict(x=x_data[i], y=y_data[i], text=text[i],
                                  font=dict(family='Arial', size=14,
                                  color='rgba(245, 246, 249, 1)'),
                                  showarrow=False,))
    layout['annotations'] = annotations

fig = go.Figure(data=data, layout=layout)
pyplt(fig, filename = 'tmp/1.html')

 

運行上述代碼，可以得到如上圖所示的瀑布式柱狀圖。

 下面我們說說，圖形樣式的設置。

對於柱狀圖顏色與樣式的設置可以通過設置下面這個案例來說明。

import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
pyplt = py.offline.plot

# Customizing Individual Bar Colors
volume = [0.49,0.71,1.43,1.4,0.93]
width = [each*3/sum(volume) for each in volume]
trace0 = go.Bar(
    x = ['AU.SHF', 'AG.SHF', 'SN.SHF',
       'PB.SHF', 'CU.SHF'],
    y = [0.85, 0.13, -0.93, 0.46, 0.06],
    width = width,
    marker = dict(
        color=['rgb(205,38,38)', 'rgb(205,38,38)',
               'rgb(34,139,34)', 'rgb(205,38,38)',
               'rgb(205,38,38)'],
        line=dict(
            color='rgb(0,0,0)',
            width=1.5,
        )),
        opacity = 0.8,
)

data = [trace0]
layout = go.Layout(
    title = '有色金屬板塊主力合約日內最高漲幅與波動率圖',
    xaxis=dict(tickangle=-45),
)

fig = go.Figure(data=data, layout=layout)
pyplt(fig, filename='tmp/4.html')

 

 運行上述代碼，可以看到上圖所示圖例

柱狀圖展示了5種金屬，在某個交易日的最高漲幅與波動率情況，柱形圖寬度表示相對波動率的高低

柱形圖越寬，波動率越大，高度表示漲幅，紅色表示上漲，綠色表示下跌。

用line設置柱狀圖外部線框，用width設置柱狀圖的寬度，用opacity設置柱狀圖顏色的透明度情況。

基本的柱狀圖情況，就講到這里。