【Linux】數據庫系列之MySQL5.7x的安裝與初始化

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          上次裝Oracle出的問題真是太多太多了，MySQL會簡單許多，這次就來分析下MySQL在Linux上的安裝與初始化。同樣系統是centos7.x

MySQL的安裝方式很多。我主要用了2種方式：源碼包方式（安裝內容模塊可以自定義，穩定性高，但是比較費時間）二進制包安裝方式（比較方便，初始化安裝后就可以用）

一、二進制包方式

1、登錄MySQL官網：https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

2、選擇需要的安裝版本（社區版）

3、安裝

上傳下載的MySQL5.7x到centos7x虛擬機內，或者wget下載。

解壓：

[root@centos7 opt]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@centos7 opt]# mv mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@centos7 mysql]# useradd mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@centos7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

5.7.x之后的版本初始化數據庫不再使用mysql_install_db，而是使用： bin/mysqld --initialize.

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2019-02-21 17:05:27 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2019-02-21 17:05:31 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2019-02-21 17:05:31 [WARNING] 2019-02-21T09:05:28.203493Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead

[root@centos7 bin]# 

使用mysqld --initialize：

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2019-02-21T09:07:47.784915Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-02-21T09:07:47.786735Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2019-02-21T09:07:47.786768Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

[root@centos7 bin]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2019-02-21T09:09:32.773141Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-02-21T09:09:34.064508Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-02-21T09:09:34.252282Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-02-21T09:09:34.320052Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 67cc2fdb-35b8-11e9-a738-000c29186a7c.
2019-02-21T09:09:34.321735Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-02-21T09:09:34.330050Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: >aHMp/_V3(Aq
[root@centos7 bin]#

ps:注意保存最后面的密碼。

創建配置文件：

[root@centos7 bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf

發現存在my.cnf文件看來系統自帶了mariadb,卸載它。

[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 bin]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb

 現在已經卸載了系統自帶的mariadb,繼續創建my.cnf

編輯my.cnf:

[root@centos7 support-files]# cp ./mysql.server /etc/in
init.d/  inittab  inputrc  
[root@centos7 support-files]# cp ./mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

設置開機自啟動：

[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list

注意：該輸出結果只顯示 SysV 服務，並不包含原生 systemd 服務。SysV 配置數據可能被原生 systemd 配置覆蓋。 
      如果您想列出 systemd 服務,請執行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      欲查看對特定 target 啟用的服務請執行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld             0:關    1:關    2:開    3:開    4:開    5:開    6:關
netconsole         0:關    1:關    2:關    3:關    4:關    5:關    6:關
network            0:關    1:關    2:開    3:開    4:開    5:開    6:關

將MySQL服務添加到系統服務以便設置開機自啟：（2、3、4、5級別啟動時開啟MySQL）

redhalt7系統使用了systemctl 不過保留了原來的service 仍然可以使用。

啟動MySQL：

[root@centos7 support-files]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid).

出現錯誤：不能更新進程id文件：

解決重新進行初始化：

在初始化前先刪除data里的全部文件

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid 
2019-02-22T01:02:07.626070Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-02-22T01:02:08.873600Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-02-22T01:02:09.114675Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-02-22T01:02:09.207208Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 7ac3daf9-363d-11e9-b3db-000c29186a7c.
2019-02-22T01:02:09.209157Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-02-22T01:02:09.213326Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s-jwb*inb5L4
[root@centos7 bin]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.err'.
 SUCCESS! 
[root@centos7 bin]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root       2919      1  0 09:02 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid
mysql      3121   2919  2 09:02 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=centos7.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
root       3151   2080  0 09:02 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@centos7 bin]# 

登錄MySQL：

在/usr/local/mysql/bin目錄下執行：

[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

這里因為在/etc/my.cnf里加入了skip-grant-tables選項因此不需要輸入密碼就可以登錄，沒有設置該參數，輸入初始化產生的初始密碼就可以了。（為了安全在更改密碼后該參數需要刪除）

更改密碼;

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root'
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

第一次密碼登錄root用戶后必須執行：

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxx' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER account unlock; #原本密碼有效期為360天需要取消這個限制。

mysql> flush privileges;

重新登錄mysql:

更改my.cnf

刪除紅框部分，保存！

重啟mysql

[root@centos7 bin]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

登錄后注意修改root密碼期限。

登錄MySQL並創建一個能夠遠程登錄的用戶：

使用sqlyog驗證：

二、使用源碼包方式安裝MySQL5.7x

1.安裝編譯工具和所需要的依賴庫：

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

發現：

手動安裝它：

 一共安裝4個文件：

先安裝libmcrypt 在安裝devel。mhash也是同樣

安裝cmake編譯工具：

官網：http://www.cmake.org

下載;

wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

 安裝：

tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.1.1
./bootstrap
make && make install

安裝MySQL：

下載：

地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

編譯：

[root@centos opt]# tar -zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.25.tar.gz 
[root@centos opt]# cd ./mysql-5.7.25/

[root@centos mysql-5.7.25]#

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/opt/mysql-5.7.25/boost \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all

可能出現;

報錯代碼：

CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 (MESSAGE):
You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=
解決辦法：
1.在/usr/local下創建一個名為boost的文件夾
mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
2.進入這個新創建的文件夾然后下載boost
wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
3.解壓
tar -xvzf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
4.重新cmake，后面更改以下參數
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost/ \

安裝：

make && make install

這個過程大概持續30min.......

接下來就是數據庫的初始化：

初始化方法與二進制包方法一致：這里就不在贅述了。