背景說明：
在數據庫中，mysql的是常用的數據庫之一；作為一款開源的軟件被廣大公司所使用。
但是，mysql在被Oracle公司收購后，難免在以后會有取消開源的問題。所以急需一款新的數據庫產品替換mysql的地位，就現在而言當前大多數主流linux發行版已經采用了mysql數據庫的一個開源分支產品MariaDB，當前Google和Wikipedia已經采用了MariaDB數據庫，也是為了防止以后mysql數據的技術壟斷作的決定
安裝MariaDB：
[root@www ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server 已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com 正在解決依賴關系 ... 已安裝: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 作為依賴被安裝: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 完畢！
啟動MariaDB數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
數據庫操作：
初始化數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #輸入root密碼，直接回車
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y #設置root密碼
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y #刪除匿名用戶
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y #禁止root遠程登錄
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y #刪除test數據庫和對此數據庫的訪問權限
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y #立即刷新權限
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
設置防火牆的策略
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql success
重新加載防火牆
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success