centos7 安裝Mariadb


 

MariaDB 數據庫管理系統是 MySQL 的一個分支,主要由開源社區在維護,采用 GPL 授權許可。開發這個分支的原因之一是:甲骨文公司收購了 MySQL 后,有將 MySQL 閉源的潛在風險,因此社區采用分支的方式來避開這個風險。MariaDB完全兼容mysql,使用方法也是一樣的

有的centos7已經默認安裝了Mariadb,可以查看自己的有沒有安裝,沒有安裝的再進行安裝,已經安裝了可以不用安裝也可以卸載了重裝。卸載命令 yum remove mariadb-server

1 [root@mini ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
2 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
3 [root@mini ~]#
我的系統環境

 

1、安裝MariaDB

 通過yum安裝就行了。簡單快捷,安裝mariadb-server,默認依賴安裝mariadb,一個是服務端、一個是客戶端。

[root@mini ~]# yum install mariadb-server

 

2、配置MariaDB

1)安裝完成后首先要把MariaDB服務開啟,並設置為開機啟動

[root@mini ~]# systemctl start mariadb  # 開啟服務
[root@mini ~]# systemctl enable mariadb  # 設置為開機自啟動服務

2)首次安裝需要進行數據庫的配置,命令都和mysql的一樣

[root@mini ~]# mysql_secure_installation

 3)配置時出現的各個選項

Enter current password for root (enter for none):  # 輸入數據庫超級管理員root的密碼(注意不是系統root的密碼),第一次進入還沒有設置密碼則直接回車

Set root password? [Y/n]  # 設置密碼,y

New password:  # 新密碼
Re-enter new password:  # 再次輸入密碼

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]  # 移除匿名用戶, y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]  # 拒絕root遠程登錄,n,不管y/n,都會拒絕root遠程登錄

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]  # 刪除test數據庫,y:刪除。n:不刪除,數據庫中會有一個test數據庫,一般不需要

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]  # 重新加載權限表,y。或者重啟服務也許

4)測試是否能夠登錄成功,出現  MariaDB [(none)]> 就表示已經能夠正常登錄使用MariaDB數據庫了

[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

 

3、設置MariaDB字符集為utf-8

 1)/etc/my.cnf 文件

在  [mysqld]  標簽下添加

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

2)/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件

在  [client]  標簽下添加

default-character-set=utf8

3)/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf  文件

在  [mysql]  標簽下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4)重啟服務

[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

5)進入mariadb查看字符集

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>
未配置字符集前
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>
配置字符集后

 

4、遠程鏈接mariadb數據庫

mariadb默認是拒絕 root 遠程登錄的。這里用的是 navicat 軟件連接數據庫

1)關閉防火牆

① 關閉防火牆 systemctl stop firewalld 

[root@mini ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

② 在不關閉防火牆的情況下,允許某端口的外來鏈接。步驟如下,開啟3306端口,重啟防火牆

[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否開啟
no
[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent  # 開啟3306端口
success
[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  # 重啟防火牆
success
[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否開啟
yes

2)先查看mysql數據庫中的user表

[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p  # 先通過本地鏈接進入數據庫

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1       | root |
| mini      | root |
+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3)將與主機名相等的字段改為 "%" ,我的主機名為mini,

MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='mini';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| %         | root |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4)刷新權限表,或重啟mariadb服務,一下二選一即可

MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

注意:刷新權限表是在數據庫中,重啟服務是在外部命令行中

 

6)重新遠程鏈接mariadb

 

 


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