MariaDB 數據庫管理系統是 MySQL 的一個分支，主要由開源社區在維護，采用 GPL 授權許可。開發這個分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收購了 MySQL 后，有將 MySQL 閉源的潛在風險，因此社區采用分支的方式來避開這個風險。MariaDB完全兼容mysql，使用方法也是一樣的
有的centos7已經默認安裝了Mariadb，可以查看自己的有沒有安裝，沒有安裝的再進行安裝，已經安裝了可以不用安裝也可以卸載了重裝。卸載命令 yum remove mariadb-server
1 [root@mini ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 2 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 3 [root@mini ~]#
1、安裝MariaDB
通過yum安裝就行了。簡單快捷，安裝mariadb-server，默認依賴安裝mariadb，一個是服務端、一個是客戶端。
[root@mini ~]# yum install mariadb-server
2、配置MariaDB
1）安裝完成后首先要把MariaDB服務開啟，並設置為開機啟動
[root@mini ~]# systemctl start mariadb # 開啟服務
[root@mini ~]# systemctl enable mariadb # 設置為開機自啟動服務
2）首次安裝需要進行數據庫的配置，命令都和mysql的一樣
[root@mini ~]# mysql_secure_installation
3）配置時出現的各個選項
Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 輸入數據庫超級管理員root的密碼(注意不是系統root的密碼)，第一次進入還沒有設置密碼則直接回車 Set root password? [Y/n] # 設置密碼，y New password: # 新密碼 Re-enter new password: # 再次輸入密碼 Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] # 移除匿名用戶， y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] # 拒絕root遠程登錄，n，不管y/n，都會拒絕root遠程登錄 Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] # 刪除test數據庫，y：刪除。n：不刪除，數據庫中會有一個test數據庫，一般不需要 Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] # 重新加載權限表，y。或者重啟服務也許
4）測試是否能夠登錄成功，出現 MariaDB [(none)]> 就表示已經能夠正常登錄使用MariaDB數據庫了
[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
3、設置MariaDB字符集為utf-8
1）/etc/my.cnf 文件
在 [mysqld] 標簽下添加
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake
2）/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件
在 [client] 標簽下添加
default-character-set=utf8
3）/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件
在 [mysql] 標簽下添加
default-character-set=utf8
4）重啟服務
[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
5）進入mariadb查看字符集
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) +----------------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | +----------------------+-------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
4、遠程鏈接mariadb數據庫
mariadb默認是拒絕 root 遠程登錄的。這里用的是 navicat 軟件連接數據庫
1）關閉防火牆
① 關閉防火牆 systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mini ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
② 在不關閉防火牆的情況下，允許某端口的外來鏈接。步驟如下，開啟3306端口，重啟防火牆
[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp # 查看3306端口是否開啟 no [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent # 開啟3306端口 success [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --reload # 重啟防火牆 success [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp # 查看3306端口是否開啟 yes
2）先查看mysql數據庫中的user表
[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p # 先通過本地鏈接進入數據庫 MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql; MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user; +-----------+------+ | host | user | +-----------+------+ | 127.0.0.1 | root | | ::1 | root | | mini | root | +-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3）將與主機名相等的字段改為 "%" ，我的主機名為mini，
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='mini'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user; +-----------+------+ | host | user | +-----------+------+ | % | root | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | localhost | root | +-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4）刷新權限表，或重啟mariadb服務，一下二選一即可
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
注意：刷新權限表是在數據庫中，重啟服務是在外部命令行中
6）重新遠程鏈接mariadb
