本系列主要分為三部分,前兩部分主要分析mybatis的實現原理,最后一部分結合spring,來看看mybtais是如何與spring結合的就是就是mybatis-spring的源碼。
相較於spring,mybatis源碼算是比較容易理解的,因為很少用一層層的抽象,類所做的事一目了然,但是要說質量的話,我還是偏向與spring,只是個人意見,好了我們開始:
為了便於理解,我們分兩部分介紹mybatis,本篇着重介紹mybtais是如何解析xml或者注解,並將其結構化為自己的類。
先看mybatis官網上的一個例子:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); //本篇只分析到這 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); BlogMapper blogMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class); Blog blog = blogMapper.getById(1); }
拋開其他框架,我們只用mybatis的話可以看到,核心的幾個類:
SqlSessionFactory,
SqlSession,
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
老規矩,在正真看代碼之前,我們先把核心的幾個類拿出來解釋一下,然后看一下類圖,從整體上了解mybatis的設計:
SqlSessionFactory:顧名思義,sqlsession的工廠類,從上面的例子可以看出,一個SqlSessionFactory實例對應一個mybatis-config.xml配置即一個數據源
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder:SqlSessionFactory的組裝車間,這里用了類似建造者模式,為啥是類似,因為這不是標准的建造者模式,這里說一句,mybatis里很多地方都用了這種不是很標准的建造者模式。
SqlSession:一次數據庫會話對應一個SqlSession實例
Configuration:這個類是本篇的重點,它和sqlsessionfactory的重要產出,我們在xml或者注解中的幾乎所有配置都會被解析並裝載到configuration的實例中。
MappedStatement:這個類實際上是被configuration持有的,之所以拿出來單獨說,是因為它太重要了,我們的sql相關的配置,都會被解析放在這個類的實例中,因此,很多分頁插件也是通過改變這個類中的sql,來將分頁的邏輯切入正常邏輯中。(當然不僅僅可以做分頁,也可以做加密等等)。
public SqlSessionFactory build(Reader reader, String environment, Properties properties) { try { XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(reader, environment, properties); return build(parser.parse()); } catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e); } finally { ErrorContext.instance().reset(); try { reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error. } } }
Configuration這個類的實例是在XMLConfigBuilder的構造方法中被創造出來的,我們重點來看解析的邏輯:
public Configuration parse() { if (parsed) { throw new BuilderException("Each XMLConfigBuilder can only be used once."); } parsed = true; parseConfiguration(parser.evalNode("/configuration")); return configuration; }
順便提一句,mybatis解析xml用的是java中自帶的解析器的,有關xml解析的知識這里不會細講,有興趣的同學可以去了解一下dom4j,dom,sax,jdom等的區別和優劣。
private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) { try { //issue #117 read properties first propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties")); Properties settings = settingsAsProperties(root.evalNode("settings")); loadCustomVfs(settings); typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases")); pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins")); objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory")); objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory")); reflectorFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectorFactory")); settingsElement(settings); // read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631 environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments")); databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider")); typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers")); mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers")); } catch (Exception e) { throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e); } }
這里我們主要看這幾個方法,typeAliasesElement方法是注冊類的別名,我們在xml中指定resultType或paramterType時會用到。這里使用了之前配置的VFS的實現類去裝載指定package底下的類的字節碼,然后通過反射獲取類的信息。
settingsElement方法是將之前的配置賦值給configuration實例,簡單的賦值,這里就不上源碼了。
typeHandlerElement注冊了類型處理器,同樣,和typeAliasesElement方法類似,這個方法也可以去掃描指定包路徑底下的類,並為這些類創建別名,默認使用的是Class.getSimpleName(),即類名稱的縮寫。
接下來會解析插件,然后實例化注冊到Configuration中,等運行時動態代理目標類, 這部分我們會在下一章重點分析,這里不做介紹,然后會把所有的配置都設置到configuration中,后面的解析datasource和解析typehandler的邏輯這里就不分析了,都是簡單的解析賦值操作,我們重點來看mapperElement方法:
private void mapperElement(XNode parent) throws Exception { if (parent != null) { for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) { if ("package".equals(child.getName())) { String mapperPackage = child.getStringAttribute("name"); configuration.addMappers(mapperPackage); } else { String resource = child.getStringAttribute("resource"); String url = child.getStringAttribute("url"); String mapperClass = child.getStringAttribute("class"); if (resource != null && url == null && mapperClass == null) { ErrorContext.instance().resource(resource); InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); XMLMapperBuilder mapperParser = new XMLMapperBuilder(inputStream, configuration, resource, configuration.getSqlFragments()); mapperParser.parse(); } else if (resource == null && url != null && mapperClass == null) { ErrorContext.instance().resource(url); InputStream inputStream = Resources.getUrlAsStream(url); XMLMapperBuilder mapperParser = new XMLMapperBuilder(inputStream, configuration, url, configuration.getSqlFragments()); mapperParser.parse(); } else if (resource == null && url == null && mapperClass != null) { Class<?> mapperInterface = Resources.classForName(mapperClass); configuration.addMapper(mapperInterface); } else { throw new BuilderException("A mapper element may only specify a url, resource or class, but not more than one."); } } } } }
這里主要是兩部分,上面是掃描包,根據注解生成對應的mappedStatement,第二部分是解析xml配置,根據xml配置來生成mappedstatement,我們先看第一部分,根據注解生成mappedstatemnet:
configuration會把工作委托給MapperRegistry去做,MapperRegistry會持有所有被解析的接口(運行時生成動態代理用),而最終解析的產物:mappedstatement依然會被configuration實例持有放在mappedStatements的map中:
public void addMappers(String packageName, Class<?> superType) { ResolverUtil<Class<?>> resolverUtil = new ResolverUtil<>(); resolverUtil.find(new ResolverUtil.IsA(superType), packageName); Set<Class<? extends Class<?>>> mapperSet = resolverUtil.getClasses(); for (Class<?> mapperClass : mapperSet) { addMapper(mapperClass); } }
這里同樣是掃描指定包路徑地下的所有類,並且根據filter(new ResolverUtil.IsA(superType)),挑選出滿足條件的類,這里的條件是Object.class,所以包底下的所有類都會被裝進來,接下來就是遍歷這些類然后解析了:
public <T> void addMapper(Class<T> type) { if (type.isInterface()) { if (hasMapper(type)) { throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is already known to the MapperRegistry."); } boolean loadCompleted = false; try { knownMappers.put(type, new MapperProxyFactory<T>(type)); // It's important that the type is added before the parser is run // otherwise the binding may automatically be attempted by the // mapper parser. If the type is already known, it won't try. MapperAnnotationBuilder parser = new MapperAnnotationBuilder(config, type); parser.parse(); loadCompleted = true; } finally { if (!loadCompleted) { knownMappers.remove(type); } } } }
我們看到,這里只解析所有接口,MapperRegistry所持有的是一個knownMappers,這里會有一個工廠類的實例MapperProxyFactory,這個類會在下一章介紹,會在生成接口的動態代理時被調用,我們繼續往下看,接下來就是接口的解析工作了:
public void parse() { String resource = type.toString(); if (!configuration.isResourceLoaded(resource)) { loadXmlResource(); configuration.addLoadedResource(resource); assistant.setCurrentNamespace(type.getName()); parseCache(); parseCacheRef(); Method[] methods = type.getMethods(); for (Method method : methods) { try { // issue #237 if (!method.isBridge()) { parseStatement(method); } } catch (IncompleteElementException e) { configuration.addIncompleteMethod(new MethodResolver(this, method)); } } } parsePendingMethods(); }
在執行真正解析之前,mybatis又去load了一次xml文件,這是為了防止之前沒有裝在xml,保證一定是xml被解析完,再解析接口,
void parseStatement(Method method) { Class<?> parameterTypeClass = getParameterType(method); LanguageDriver languageDriver = getLanguageDriver(method); SqlSource sqlSource = getSqlSourceFromAnnotations(method, parameterTypeClass, languageDriver); if (sqlSource != null) { Options options = method.getAnnotation(Options.class); final String mappedStatementId = type.getName() + "." + method.getName(); Integer fetchSize = null; Integer timeout = null; StatementType statementType = StatementType.PREPARED; ResultSetType resultSetType = ResultSetType.FORWARD_ONLY; SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = getSqlCommandType(method); boolean isSelect = sqlCommandType == SqlCommandType.SELECT; boolean flushCache = !isSelect; boolean useCache = isSelect; KeyGenerator keyGenerator; String keyProperty = null; String keyColumn = null; if (SqlCommandType.INSERT.equals(sqlCommandType) || SqlCommandType.UPDATE.equals(sqlCommandType)) { // first check for SelectKey annotation - that overrides everything else SelectKey selectKey = method.getAnnotation(SelectKey.class); if (selectKey != null) { keyGenerator = handleSelectKeyAnnotation(selectKey, mappedStatementId, getParameterType(method), languageDriver); keyProperty = selectKey.keyProperty(); } else if (options == null) { keyGenerator = configuration.isUseGeneratedKeys() ? Jdbc3KeyGenerator.INSTANCE : NoKeyGenerator.INSTANCE; } else { keyGenerator = options.useGeneratedKeys() ? Jdbc3KeyGenerator.INSTANCE : NoKeyGenerator.INSTANCE; keyProperty = options.keyProperty(); keyColumn = options.keyColumn(); } } else { keyGenerator = NoKeyGenerator.INSTANCE; } if (options != null) { if (FlushCachePolicy.TRUE.equals(options.flushCache())) { flushCache = true; } else if (FlushCachePolicy.FALSE.equals(options.flushCache())) { flushCache = false; } useCache = options.useCache(); fetchSize = options.fetchSize() > -1 || options.fetchSize() == Integer.MIN_VALUE ? options.fetchSize() : null; //issue #348 timeout = options.timeout() > -1 ? options.timeout() : null; statementType = options.statementType(); resultSetType = options.resultSetType(); } String resultMapId = null; ResultMap resultMapAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(ResultMap.class); if (resultMapAnnotation != null) { String[] resultMaps = resultMapAnnotation.value(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (String resultMap : resultMaps) { if (sb.length() > 0) { sb.append(","); } sb.append(resultMap); } resultMapId = sb.toString(); } else if (isSelect) { resultMapId = parseResultMap(method); } assistant.addMappedStatement( mappedStatementId, sqlSource, statementType, sqlCommandType, fetchSize, timeout, // ParameterMapID null, parameterTypeClass, resultMapId, getReturnType(method), resultSetType, flushCache, useCache, // TODO gcode issue #577 false, keyGenerator, keyProperty, keyColumn, // DatabaseID null, languageDriver, // ResultSets options != null ? nullOrEmpty(options.resultSets()) : null); } }
這洋洋灑灑一堆,目的就是為了解析注解的配置,然后構建一個mappedstatement,我們只看核心邏輯:
首先,mybatis會根據注解生成一個sqlSource,這個接口是承載sql的實例,接口只有一個方法:getBoundSql,這個方法會根據傳入的參數,將原來的sql解析,替換為能被數據庫識別執行的sql,然后放入boundsql中,同樣,這個方法是在運行時才被調用的。這里我們只看生成sqlsource的邏輯:
private SqlSource getSqlSourceFromAnnotations(Method method, Class<?> parameterType, LanguageDriver languageDriver) { try { Class<? extends Annotation> sqlAnnotationType = getSqlAnnotationType(method); Class<? extends Annotation> sqlProviderAnnotationType = getSqlProviderAnnotationType(method); if (sqlAnnotationType != null) { if (sqlProviderAnnotationType != null) { throw new BindingException("You cannot supply both a static SQL and SqlProvider to method named " + method.getName()); } Annotation sqlAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(sqlAnnotationType); final String[] strings = (String[]) sqlAnnotation.getClass().getMethod("value").invoke(sqlAnnotation); return buildSqlSourceFromStrings(strings, parameterType, languageDriver); } else if (sqlProviderAnnotationType != null) { Annotation sqlProviderAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(sqlProviderAnnotationType); return new ProviderSqlSource(assistant.getConfiguration(), sqlProviderAnnotation, type, method); } return null; } catch (Exception e) { throw new BuilderException("Could not find value method on SQL annotation. Cause: " + e, e); } }
這里只有兩種情況,普通的sql,和sqlprovider,我們來看核心方法:
@Override public SqlSource createSqlSource(Configuration configuration, String script, Class<?> parameterType) { // issue #3 if (script.startsWith("<script>")) { XPathParser parser = new XPathParser(script, false, configuration.getVariables(), new XMLMapperEntityResolver()); return createSqlSource(configuration, parser.evalNode("/script"), parameterType); } else { // issue #127 script = PropertyParser.parse(script, configuration.getVariables()); TextSqlNode textSqlNode = new TextSqlNode(script); if (textSqlNode.isDynamic()) { return new DynamicSqlSource(configuration, textSqlNode); } else { return new RawSqlSource(configuration, script, parameterType); } } }
首先判斷是不是腳本,如果是腳本則走解析腳本的邏輯,如果不是,則判斷是否是動態sql,判斷的邏輯就是sql中是否含有 ”${}" 這樣的關鍵字,如果有則是動態sql,如果不是,則是靜態的。靜態的話在構造方法中還有一段邏輯:
public RawSqlSource(Configuration configuration, String sql, Class<?> parameterType) { SqlSourceBuilder sqlSourceParser = new SqlSourceBuilder(configuration); Class<?> clazz = parameterType == null ? Object.class : parameterType; sqlSource = sqlSourceParser.parse(sql, clazz, new HashMap<String, Object>()); }
這段的作用,是繼續解析sql中的 “#{}” ,將其替換為 ? ,然后返回一個StaticSqlSource的實例。其實DynamicSqlSource最中也是轉化為StaticSqlSource的,只不過它是在getBoundSql被調用的時候才做的,而且這里還會把"${}"替換為相應的參數:
public BoundSql getBoundSql(Object parameterObject) { DynamicContext context = new DynamicContext(configuration, parameterObject); rootSqlNode.apply(context); SqlSourceBuilder sqlSourceParser = new SqlSourceBuilder(configuration); Class<?> parameterType = parameterObject == null ? Object.class : parameterObject.getClass(); SqlSource sqlSource = sqlSourceParser.parse(context.getSql(), parameterType, context.getBindings()); BoundSql boundSql = sqlSource.getBoundSql(parameterObject); for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : context.getBindings().entrySet()) { boundSql.setAdditionalParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } return boundSql; }
所以我們拿到的BoudSql的實例實際上已經經過了解析。
解析完sqlsource后,mybatis會生成相應的mappedstatement,為了區分不同的mappedstatement,mysql為其創建了一個Id:
final String mappedStatementId = type.getName() + "." + method.getName();
這里可以看到,Id是類名加上方法名,這里就有一個問題,當類中的方法被重載時,mybatis會認為有問題的,可以看到,雖然方法被重載,mappedStatementId依然是同一個,所以mybatis中sql的接口是不能重載的。
下面就是根據注解的配置,創建相應的對象,然后一起組裝成mappedstatement對象,然后放入configuration實例中的mappedstatements中。
至此,mybaits的sql解析篇就到此結束了,當然,mybatis的功能還遠遠不止如此,我們將在下一篇,mybatis的執行中,看到mybatis在運行時是如何代理接口,mybatis的各種插件有事如何介入的。
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