alien_invasion.py:
1 import sys 2 3 import pygame 4 5 from setting import Settings 6 from ship import Ship 7 import game_function as gf 8 from pygame.sprite import Group 9 from alien import Alien 10 from game_stats import GameStats 11 from button import Button 12 from scoreboard import ScoreBoard 13 14 def run_game(): 15 # 初始化游戲並創建於一個屏幕對象 16 pygame.init() 17 ai_setting = Settings() 18 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_setting.screen_width, ai_setting.screen_height)) 19 pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion") 20 21 # 創建一艘飛船、一個子彈編組和一個外星人編組 22 ship = Ship(ai_setting, screen) 23 bullets = Group() 24 aliens = Group() 25 26 # 創建外星人群 27 gf.create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 28 stats = GameStats(ai_setting) 29 # 創建存儲游戲統計信息的實例，並創建及分牌 30 sb = ScoreBoard(ai_setting, screen, stats) 31 # 創建Play按鈕 32 play_button = Button(ai_setting, screen, "Play") 33 34 # 開始游戲的主循環 35 while True: 36 gf.check_events(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets) 37 if stats.game_active: 38 ship.update() 39 gf.update_bullets(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 40 gf.update_aliens(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 41 42 gf.update_screen(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button) 43 44 run_game()
game_stats.py:
1 class GameStats(): 2 """跟蹤游戲的統計信息""" 3 4 def __init__(self, ai_setting): 5 """初始化統計信息""" 6 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 7 self.reset_stats() 8 self.game_active = False 9 # 在任何情況下都不應該充值最高得分 10 self.high_score = 0 11 12 def reset_stats(self): 13 """初始化在游戲運行期間可能變化的統計信息""" 14 self.ship_left = self.ai_setting.ship_limit 15 self.score = 0 16 self.level = 1
scoreboard.py:
1 import pygame.font 2 from pygame.sprite import Group 3 from ship import Ship 4 5 class ScoreBoard(): 6 """現實得分信息的類""" 7 8 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, stats): 9 """初始化現實得分涉及的屬性""" 10 self.screen = screen 11 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 12 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 13 self.stats =stats 14 15 # 顯示得分信息時使用的設置 16 self.text_color = (30, 30, 30) 17 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) 18 19 # 准備包含最高得分和當前得分的圖像 20 self.prep_score() 21 self.prep_high_score() 22 self.prep_level() 23 self.prep_ships() 24 25 def prep_ships(self): 26 """顯示還有下多少艘飛船""" 27 self.ships = Group() 28 for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left): 29 ship = Ship(self.ai_setting, self.screen) 30 ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width 31 ship.rect.y = 10 32 self.ships.add(ship) 33 34 def prep_score(self): 35 """將得分轉換為一幅渲染的圖像""" 36 rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1)) 37 score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score) 38 self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 39 40 # 將得分放在屏幕右上角 41 self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect() 42 self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20 43 self.score_rect.top = 20 44 45 def show_score(self): 46 """在屏幕上顯示得分""" 47 self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect) 48 self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect) 49 self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect) 50 # 繪制飛船 51 self.ships.draw(self.screen) 52 53 def prep_high_score(self): 54 """將最高得分轉化為渲染的圖像""" 55 high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1)) 56 high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score) 57 self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 58 59 #將最高分放在屏幕頂部中央 60 self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect() 61 self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx 62 self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top 63 64 def prep_level(self): 65 """降等級轉化為渲染的圖像""" 66 self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 67 68 # 降等級放在得分下方 69 self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect() 70 self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right 71 self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
button.py:
1 import pygame.font 2 3 class Button(): 4 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, msg): 5 """初始化按鈕的屬性""" 6 self.screen = screen 7 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 8 9 # 設置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性 10 self.width = 200 11 self.height = 50 12 self.button_color = (0, 255, 0) 13 self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) 14 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) 15 16 # 創建按鈕的rect對象，並使其居中 17 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height) 18 self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center 19 20 # 按鈕的標簽只需創建一次 21 self.prep_msg(msg) 22 23 def prep_msg(self, msg): 24 """將msg渲染為圖像並使其在按鈕上居中""" 25 self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color) 26 self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect() 27 self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center 28 29 def draw_button(self): 30 # 繪制一個用顏色填充的按鈕，在繪制文本 31 self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect) 32 self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
game_function.py:
1 import sys 2 3 import pygame 4 from bullet import Bullet 5 from alien import Alien 6 from time import sleep 7 8 def check_events(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets): 9 """響應按鍵和鼠標事件""" 10 for event in pygame.event.get(): 11 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 12 sys.exit() 13 14 elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 15 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 16 # 向右移動飛船 17 ship.moving_right = True 18 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 19 ship.moving_left = True 20 elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: 21 # 創建一顆子彈，並將其加入到編組bullets中 22 if len(bullets) < ai_setting.bullets_allowed: 23 new_bullet = Bullet(ai_setting, screen, ship) 24 bullets.add(new_bullet) 25 elif event.key == pygame.K_q: 26 sys.exit() 27 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 28 mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 29 check_play_button(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y) 30 31 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 32 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 33 ship.moving_right = False 34 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 35 ship.moving_left = False 36 37 def check_play_button(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y): 38 """玩家單擊Play按鈕時開始新游戲""" 39 button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) 40 if button_clicked and not stats.game_active: 41 #重置游戲設置 42 ai_setting.initialize_dynamic_settings() 43 44 # 隱藏光標 45 pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) 46 # 重置游戲信息 47 stats.reset_stats() 48 stats.game_active = True 49 50 # 重置記分牌圖像 51 sb.prep_score() 52 sb.prep_high_score() 53 sb.prep_level() 54 sb.prep_ships() 55 56 # 清空外星人列表和子彈列表 57 aliens.empty() 58 bullets.empty() 59 60 # 創建一群新的外星人，並讓飛船居中 61 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 62 ship.center_ship() 63 64 def update_screen(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship,alien, bullets, play_button): 65 """更新屏幕上的圖像，並切換到新屏幕""" 66 # 每次循環時都重繪屏幕 67 screen.fill(ai_setting.bg_color) 68 # 在飛船和外星人后面重繪所有子彈 69 for bullet in bullets.sprites(): 70 bullet.draw_bullet() 71 ship.blitme() 72 alien.draw(screen) 73 # 顯示得分 74 sb.show_score() 75 76 # 如果游戲處於非活動狀態，繪制Play按鈕 77 if not stats.game_active: 78 play_button.draw_button() 79 80 # 讓最近繪制的屏幕可見 81 pygame.display.flip() 82 83 def update_bullets(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 84 """更新子彈位置，並刪除已消失的子彈""" 85 # 刪除子彈的位置 86 bullets.update() 87 # 刪除已消失的子彈 88 for bullet in bullets.copy(): 89 if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: 90 bullets.remove(bullet) 91 check_bullet_alien_colisions(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 92 93 def check_high_score(stats, sb): 94 """檢查是否誕生了新的最高得分""" 95 if stats.score > stats.high_score: 96 stats.high_score = stats.score 97 sb.prep_high_score() 98 99 def check_bullet_alien_colisions(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 100 """響應是否有子彈擊中了外星人""" 101 # 如果是這樣，就刪除相應的子彈和外星人 102 collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True) 103 104 if collisions: 105 for aliens in collisions.values(): 106 stats.score += ai_setting.alien_points * len(aliens) 107 sb.prep_score() 108 check_high_score(stats, sb) 109 110 if len(aliens) == 0: 111 # 刪除現在的子彈,加快游戲節奏，並新建一群外星人 112 bullets.empty() 113 ai_setting.increase_speed() 114 115 # 提高一個等級 116 stats.level += 1 117 sb.prep_level() 118 119 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 120 121 122 def get_number_alien_x(ai_setting, alien_width): 123 """計算每行可容納多少個個外星人""" 124 available_space_x = ai_setting.screen_width - 2 * alien_width 125 number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width)) 126 return number_aliens_x 127 128 def create_alien(ai_setting, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number): 129 # 創建一個外星人並將其加入當前行 130 alien = Alien(ai_setting, screen) 131 alien_width = alien.rect.width 132 alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number 133 alien.rect.x = alien.x 134 alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number 135 aliens.add(alien) 136 137 def create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens): 138 """創建外星人群""" 139 # 創建一個外星人，並計算一行可容納多少個外星人 140 # 外星人間距為外星人寬度 141 alien = Alien(ai_setting, screen) 142 number_aliens_x = get_number_alien_x(ai_setting, alien.rect.width) 143 number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_setting, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height) 144 145 # 創建第一行外星人 146 for row_number in range(number_rows): 147 for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x): 148 create_alien(ai_setting, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number) 149 150 151 def get_number_rows(ai_setting, ship_height, alien_height): 152 """計算屏幕可容納多少行外星人""" 153 available_space_y = (ai_setting.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height) 154 number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height)) 155 return number_rows 156 157 def check_fleet_edges(ai_setting, aliens): 158 """有外星人到達邊緣時采取相應的措施""" 159 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 160 if alien.check_edges(): 161 change_fleet_direction(ai_setting, aliens) 162 break 163 164 def change_fleet_direction(ai_setting, aliens): 165 """將整群外星人下移""" 166 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 167 alien.rect.y += ai_setting.fleet_drop_speed 168 ai_setting.fleet_direction *= -1 169 170 def update_aliens(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 171 check_fleet_edges(ai_setting, aliens) 172 aliens.update() 173 174 # 檢測外星人和飛船之間的碰撞 175 if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens): 176 ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 177 # 檢查是否有外星人大大屏幕底端 178 check_aliens_bottom(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 179 180 def ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 181 """響應被外星人撞到的飛船""" 182 if stats.ship_left > 0: 183 # 將ship_left減1 184 stats.ship_left -= 1 185 186 # 更新記分牌 187 sb.prep_ships() 188 189 #清空外星人列表和子彈列表 190 aliens.empty() 191 bullets.empty() 192 193 # 創建一群新的外星人，並將飛船放到屏幕低端中央 194 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 195 ship.center_ship() 196 197 # 暫停 198 sleep(0.5) 199 else: 200 stats.game_active = False 201 202 def check_aliens_bottom(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 203 """檢查是否有外星人到達了屏幕底端""" 204 screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 205 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 206 if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom: 207 # 像飛船被撞到一樣進行處理 208 ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 209 break
alien.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Alien(Sprite): 5 """表示單個外星人的類""" 6 7 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen): 8 """初始化外星人並設置其起始位置""" 9 super(Alien, self).__init__() 10 self.screen = screen 11 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 12 13 # 加載外星人圖像，並設計其rect屬性 14 self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp') 15 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 16 17 # 每個外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近 18 self.rect.x = self.rect.width 19 self.rect.y = self.rect.height 20 21 # 存儲外星人的准確位置 22 self.x = float(self.rect.x) 23 24 def blitme(self): 25 """在指定位置繪制外星人""" 26 self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) 27 28 def check_edges(self): 29 """如果外星人位於屏幕邊緣，就返回True""" 30 screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect() 31 if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right: 32 return True 33 elif self.rect.left <= 0: 34 return True 35 36 def update(self): 37 """向右移動外星人""" 38 self.x += (self.ai_setting.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_setting.fleet_direction) 39 self.rect.x = self.x
setting.py:
1 class Settings(): 2 """存儲《外星人入侵》的所有設置的類""" 3 4 def __init__(self): 5 """初始化游戲的設置""" 6 # 屏幕設置 7 self.screen_width = 900 8 self.screen_height = 600 9 self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230) 10 # 飛船的設置 11 self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 12 # 子彈設置 13 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3 14 self.bullet_width = 3 15 self.bullet_height = 15 16 self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60 17 self.bullets_allowed = 3 18 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 19 self.fleet_drop_speed = 10 20 self.fleet_direction = 1 21 self.ship_limit = 3 22 # 以什么樣的速度加快游戲的節奏 23 self.speedup_scale = 1.1 24 #外星人點數的提高速度 25 self.score_scale = 1.5 26 27 self.initialize_dynamic_settings() 28 29 def initialize_dynamic_settings(self): 30 """初始化隨游戲進行而變化的位置""" 31 self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 32 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3 33 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 34 35 # fleet_direction為1表示向右；為-1表示向左 36 self.fleet_direction =1 37 # 記分 38 self.alien_points = 50 39 40 def increase_speed(self): 41 """提高速度設置""" 42 self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 43 self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 44 self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 45 self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
bullet.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Bullet(Sprite): 5 """一個對飛船發射的子彈進行管理的類""" 6 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, ship): 7 """在飛船所處的位置創建一個子彈對象""" 8 super(Bullet, self).__init__() 9 self.screen = screen 10 11 # 在(0,0)處創建一個表示子彈的矩形，在設置正確的位置 12 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_setting.bullet_width, ai_setting.bullet_height) 13 self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx 14 self.rect.top = ship.rect.top 15 16 # 存儲用小數表示的子彈位置 17 self.y = float(self.rect.y) 18 19 self.color = ai_setting.bullet_color 20 self.speed_factor = ai_setting.bullet_speed_factor 21 22 def update(self): 23 """向上移動子彈""" 24 # 更新表示子彈位置的小數值 25 self.y -= self.speed_factor 26 # 更新表示子彈的rect的位置 27 self.rect.y = self.y 28 29 def draw_bullet(self): 30 pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
ship.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Ship(Sprite): 5 6 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen): 7 """初始化飛船並設置其初始位置""" 8 super(Ship, self).__init__() 9 self.screen = screen 10 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 11 12 """加載飛船圖像並獲取其外接矩陣""" 13 self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp') 14 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 15 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 16 17 # 將每艘新飛船放在屏幕底部中央 18 self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx 19 self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom 20 21 # 在飛船的屬性center中存儲小數值 22 self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) 23 24 # 移動標志 25 self.moving_right = False 26 self.moving_left = False 27 28 def update(self): 29 """根據移動標志調增飛船的位置""" 30 if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: 31 self.center += self.ai_setting.ship_speed_factor 32 if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0: 33 self.center -= self.ai_setting.ship_speed_factor 34 35 """根據self.center調整飛船的位置""" 36 self.rect.centerx = self.center 37 38 def blitme(self): 39 """在指定為這繪制飛船""" 40 self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) 41 42 def center_ship(self): 43 self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
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