轉自：Oracle遷移至PostgreSQL工具之Ora2Pg
1. 描述
Ora2Pg是一個免費的工具，用於將Oracle數據庫遷移到PostgreSQL兼容的模式。它連接您的Oracle數據庫，自動掃描並提取它的結構或數據，然后生成可以裝載到PostgreSQL數據庫的SQL腳本。Ora2Pg可以從逆向工程Oracle數據庫到大型企業數據庫遷移，或者簡單地將一些Oracle數據復制到PostgreSQL數據庫中。它非常容易使用，並且不需要任何Oracle數據庫知識，而不需要提供連接到Oracle數據庫所需的參數。
2. 安裝
2.1. 依賴環境要求
- perl版本5.10以上
yum install -y perl perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
- 安裝DBI
下載地址：https://metacpan.org/release/DBI
# tar -zxvf DBI-1.641.tar.gz # cd DBI-1.641 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
- 安裝Oracle客戶端
安裝Oracle的客戶端軟件；步驟略
- 安裝DBD-Oracle
下載地址：http://search.cpan.org/~pythian/DBD-Oracle-1.74/lib/DBD/Oracle.pm
# tar -zxvf DBD-Oracle-1.74.tar.gz加載環境變量;因為必須定義ORACLE_HOME環境變量;本例在postgres用戶下配置環境變量 # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Oracle-1.74 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
- 安裝DBD::Pg[可選]
下載地址：http://search.cpan.org/~turnstep/DBD-Pg/
# tar -zxvf DBD-Pg-1.32.tar.gz # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Pg-1.32 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
2.2 安裝Ora2Pg
下載地址 ：https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/
[root@Postgres201 ~]# tar -zxvf ora2pg-18.2.tar.gz ora2pg-18.2/ ora2pg-18.2/INSTALL ora2pg-18.2/LICENSE ora2pg-18.2/MANIFEST ora2pg-18.2/Makefile.PL ora2pg-18.2/README ora2pg-18.2/changelog ora2pg-18.2/doc/ ora2pg-18.2/doc/Ora2Pg.pod ora2pg-18.2/doc/ora2pg.3 ora2pg-18.2/lib/ ora2pg-18.2/lib/Ora2Pg.pm ora2pg-18.2/lib/Ora2Pg/ ora2pg-18.2/lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm ora2pg-18.2/lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm ora2pg-18.2/lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm ora2pg-18.2/packaging/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/README ora2pg-18.2/packaging/RPM/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/RPM/ora2pg.spec ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/create-deb-tree.sh ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/ora2pg/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/ora2pg/DEBIAN/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/ora2pg/DEBIAN/control ora2pg-18.2/packaging/debian/ora2pg/DEBIAN/copyright ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/ ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/Ora2Pg.SlackBuild ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/Ora2Pg.info ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/README ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/doinst.sh ora2pg-18.2/packaging/slackbuild/slack-desc ora2pg-18.2/scripts/ ora2pg-18.2/scripts/ora2pg ora2pg-18.2/scripts/ora2pg_scanner [root@Postgres201 ~]# cd ora2pg-18.2 [root@Postgres201 ora2pg-18.2]# perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for Ora2Pg Done... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Please read documentation at http://ora2pg.darold.net/ before asking for help ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now type: make && make install [root@Postgres201 ora2pg-18.2]# make && make install cp lib/Ora2Pg.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm cp scripts/ora2pg blib/script/ora2pg /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg cp scripts/ora2pg_scanner blib/script/ora2pg_scanner /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg_scanner Manifying blib/man3/ora2pg.3 Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/ora2pg.3 Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg_scanner Installing default configuration file (ora2pg.conf.dist) to /etc/ora2pg Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
2.3 檢查所有軟件是否安裝成功
[root@Postgres201 ~]# vi check.pl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use ExtUtils::Installed; my $inst= ExtUtils::Installed->new(); my @modules = $inst->modules(); foreach(@modules) { my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???"; printf("%-12s -- %s\n", $_, $ver); } exit; [root@Postgres201 ~]# perl check.pl DBD::Oracle -- 1.74 DBD::Pg -- 1.32 DBI -- 1.641 Ora2Pg -- 18.2 Perl -- 5.10.1
3. 小試牛刀
3.1 配置配置文件
- 導出表結構
[postgres@Postgres201 config]$ vi ora2pg_table.conf
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:ora221 #ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.1.221;sid=orcl ORACLE_USER lottu ORACLE_PWD li0924 SCHEMA lottu TYPE TABLE PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT table.sql
- 導出數據
[postgres@Postgres201 config]$ vi ora2pg_data.conf
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:ora221 #ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.1.221;sid=orcl ORACLE_USER lottu ORACLE_PWD li0924 SCHEMA lottu TYPE COPY PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT data.sql
3.2 導出數據
[postgres@Postgres201 config]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_table.conf
[========================>] 2/2 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 2/2 tables (100.0%) end of table export. [postgres@Postgres201 config]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_data.conf [========================>] 2/2 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 4/1 rows (400.0%) Table DEPT (4 recs/sec) [===================> ] 4/5 total rows (80.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 4 recs/sec). [========================>] 4/4 rows (100.0%) Table ORATAB (4 recs/sec) [========================>] 8/5 total rows (160.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 8 recs/sec). [========================>] 5/5 rows (100.0%) on total estimated data (1 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec)
3.3 導入PostgreSQL數據庫中
[postgres@Postgres201 config]$ psql lottu lottu -f table.sql SET SET CREATE TABLE ALTER TABLE CREATE TABLE [postgres@Postgres201 config]$ psql lottu lottu -f data.sql SET SET BEGIN COPY 4 COPY 4 COMMIT
FAQ:導出出現"Can't locate Time/HiRes.pm in"錯誤?
[root@Postgres201 ora2pg]# ora2pg -c ora2pg.conf Can't locate Time/HiRes.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm line 33. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm line 33. Compilation failed in require at /usr/local/bin/ora2pg line 30. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/bin/ora2pg line 30. [root@Postgres201 ora2pg]# yum install -y perl-Time-HiRes
解決方案：
[root@Postgres201 ora2pg]# yum install -y perl-Time-HiRe
FAQ:導出出現"install_driver(Oracle) failed"錯誤?
[root@dev ora2pg]# ora2pg -c ora2pg_table.conf install_driver(Oracle) failed: Can't load '/usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/DBD/Oracle/Oracle.so' for module DBD::Oracle: libstdc++.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at /usr/lib64/perl5/DynaLoader.pm line 200. at (eval 14) line 3 Compilation failed in require at (eval 14) line 3. Perhaps a required shared library or dll isn't installed where expected at /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm line 1486
解決方案：
[root@dev Oracle]# pwd /usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/DBD/Oracle [root@dev Oracle]# ls dbdimp.h mk.pm ocitrace.h Oracle.bs Oracle.h Oracle.so [root@dev Oracle]# ldd Oracle.so linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffe56fdd000) libocci.so.10.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.5/client64/lib/libocci.so.10.1 (0x00007fcd5a75b000) libclntsh.so.10.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.5/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.10.1 (0x00007fcd59348000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fcd5911b000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fcd58d87000) libstdc++.so.5 => not found libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fcd58b02000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fcd588ec000) libnnz10.so => /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.5/client64/lib/libnnz10.so (0x00007fcd5844a000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fcd58246000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fcd5802d000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003d0d400000) [root@dev Oracle]#
從ldd結果看，由於系統缺少libstdc++.so.5導致Oracle.so庫文件不能使用
安裝libstdc++.so.5
[root@dev Oracle]# yum whatprovides libstdc++.so.5 [root@dev Oracle]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33
Linux下libstdc++.so.5找不到解決方案