安裝12C小問題及pdb表空間配置
一、安裝
1.RPM包
#安裝12C需要安裝的rpm包，官網搜索，做個記錄
bc
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7（x86_64）
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7（x86_64）
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7（i686）
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2 （x86_64）
glibc-2.17-36.el7（i686）
glibc-2.17-36.el7（x86_64）
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7（i686）
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7 （x86_64）
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7（i686）
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7（x86_64）
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7（i686）
libaio-devel-0.3.109- 9.el7（x86_64）
libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7（i686）
libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7（x86_64）
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7（i686）
libXau-1.0.8-2.1。 el7（x86_64）
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7（i686）
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7（x86_64）
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7（i686）
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7（x86_64）
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7（i686）
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7（x86_64）
libstdc ++ - 4.8.2-3.el7（i686）
libstdc ++ - 4.8.2-3.el7（x86_64）
libstdc ++ - devel-4.8.2-3.el7（i686）
libstdc ++ - devel-4.8.2-3.el7（x86_64）
libxcb-1.9-5.el7（i686）
libxcb-1.9-5.el7（x86_64）
make-3.82-19.el7（x86_64）
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.21.el7.x86_64（對於Oracle ACFS）
net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7（x86_64）（用於Oracle RAC和Oracle Clusterware）
smartmontools-6.2-4.el7（x86_64）
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7（x86_64）
2報錯：yum源
說明：端口不通，提交網絡人員配置交換機
#報錯解決思路：
#Yum安裝，提示IP +PORT不通，使用telnet命令（遠程節點telnet包上傳，解壓），提示路由問題
[root@fs-3z3-vm0393 ~]# yum install -y binutils
http://10.135.100.100/centos7.4/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to 10.135.100.100:80; No route to host"
Trying other mirror.
#查詢yum源
# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/Test_Env_yum_server.repo
[Test_Env_yum_server]
name=Test_Env_yum_server
baseurl=http://10.135.100.100/centos7.4
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
#使用telnet
#傳輸介質：連接Yum源IP地址，搜索TEL相關rpm軟件包，上傳服務器，解壓后
#路由端口的問題！！！
[root@fs-3z3-vm0393 ~]# telnet 10.135.100.100 80
Trying 10.135.100.100...
telnet: connect to address 10.135.100.100: No route to host
3權限問題
#自己配置的Oracle環境變量，自動cd 目錄，但是目錄權限存在問題
[root@hbqzcsrac1 oracle]# su - oracle
Last login: Tue Jun 19 16:39:46 CST 2018 on pts/0
-bash: cd: /picclife/app/oracle: Permission denied
-bash: cd: /picclife/app/oracle: Permission denied
[root@hbqzcsrac1 /]# cd picclife/
[root@hbqzcsrac1 picclife]# ll
total 15625000
drwxr-x--- 5 root root 46 Jun 19 16:09 app
[root@hbqzcsrac1 app]# chown grid.oinstall /picclife/app/
4新系統無法使用 unzip命令，解壓縮
$ unzip V840012-01.zip -d /picclife/app/12.2.0/grid/
-bash: unzip: command not found
[root@hbqzcsrac1 ~]# yum install -y unzip
5集群檢測：
#無法確定產品清單組：忽略
PRVG-10467 : The default Oracle Inventory group could not be determined.
#PRVG-0449 GI用戶軟限制未配置，檢測不達標
Verifying Soft Limit: maximum stack size ...
Node Name Type Available Required Status
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------
hbqzcsrac2 soft 8192 10240 failed
hbqzcsrac1 soft 8192 10240 failed
Verifying Soft Limit: maximum stack size ...FAILED (PRVG-0449)
Verifying Soft Limit: maximum stack size ...FAILED
hbqzcsrac2: PRVG-0449 : Proper soft limit for maximum stack size was not found
on node "hbqzcsrac2" [Expected >= "10240" ; Found = "8192"].
hbqzcsrac1: PRVG-0449 : Proper soft limit for maximum stack size was not found
on node "hbqzcsrac1" [Expected >= "10240" ; Found = "8192"].
#最大的軟限制：查詢為8192，非10240
Ulimit -a -查詢
#GRID臨時生效
ulimit -Ss 10240
#配置文件永久生效 =》 exit 退出會話后，重新登錄
/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft stack 10240
#發現是由於安裝文檔中，未指定GRID soft stack
grid hard stack 32768
grid soft stack 10240
#/DEV/SHM檢查
hbqzcsrac2: PRVE-0421 : No entry exists in /etc/fstab for mounting /dev/shm
hbqzcsrac1: PRVE-0421 : No entry exists in /etc/fstab for mounting /dev/shm
CVU在不適用的RHEL7上執行了/ dev / shm安裝檢查。
MOS 如果在RHEL7上執行/ dev / shm安裝檢查，可忽略此問題
#可忽略
Verifying /dev/shm mounted as temporary file system ...FAILED (PRVE-0421)
Verifying File system mount options for path /var ...PASSED
#網絡問題：不能忽略
Verifying zeroconf check ...FAILED (PRVE-10077)
Verifying ASM Filter Driver configuration ...PASSED
hbqzcsrac1:/picclife/app/12.2.0/grid$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network
#開機是否激活網絡：yes配置
# Created by anaconda
NOZEROCONF=yes
hbqzcsrac1:/picclife/app/12.2.0/grid$ ll /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 39 Jun 19 14:13 /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@hbqzcsrac1 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/sysconfig/network
#DNS 在不配置DNS服務器時，可忽略
hbqzcsrac2: PRVG-10048 : Name "hbqzcsrac2" was not resolved to an address of
the specified type by name servers o"10.135.1.21".
hbqzcsrac2: Check for integrity of file "/etc/resolv.conf" failed
mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.20180620.bak
#NTP服務可忽略，Oracle有時鍾同步進程，二選一即可
二、Oracle圖形化安裝
安裝GI：提示軟件目錄下有文件：
MV后，繼續操作
[INS-32026] The Software Location specified should not
#12c 安裝GI ，遠程拷貝到節點二時，報錯：提示無法將文件拷貝至遠程：
#測試節點二主機名稱，互信測試，均正常現象
#查詢安裝日志信息：提示有一個文件不可讀，刪除后（=），解決問題
These nodes will be ignored and not participate in the configured Grid Infrastructure.
ACTION: Review the log file /tmp/GridSetupActions2018-06-20_01-47-32PM/gridSetupActions2018-06-20_01-47-32PM.log for further details on failure.
SUMMARY:
- PRCF-2031 : Parallel transfer workload distribution error.
PRCF-2023 : The following contents cannot be transferred as they are non-readable.
Directories:
Files:
/picclife/app/12.2.0/grid/cv/rpm/=.
Refer associated stacktrace #oracle.install.commons.util.exception.AbstractErrorAdvisor:
#DBCA建庫，選擇CDB+PDB模式，未選擇OMF功能
#安裝過程中報錯：error while restoring pdb backup piece
#根據圖形界面提示的DBCA日志，查詢日志信息
ssistants/dbca/templates/pdbseed.dfb
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring foreign file 2 to +DATA/hbqzcsrac/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring foreign file 4 to +DATA/hbqzcsrac/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring foreign file 9 to +DATA/hbqzcsrac/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 06/20/2018 16:38:05
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /picclife/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/pdbseed.dfb
ORA-19504: failed to create file "+DATA/hbqzcsrac/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf"
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +DATA/hbqzcsrac/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
ORA-15173: entry 'pdbseed' does not exist in directory 'hbqzcsrac'
RMAN>
#匹配MOS ，12.2 DBCA不符合ORA-15173（Doc ID 2320091.1）
恢復pdb備份片時發生DBCA錯誤，這是具有一個PDB的CDB數據庫，對於這種情況，建議在使用asm時使用OMF ，退出安裝，勾選OMF功能
#創建操作系統密碼文件，報錯
提示密碼口令簡單，忽略，不創建了
#密碼文件的作用，在於遠程sys登錄，實際環境都是本地登錄管理，可以無需密碼文件
$ orapwd file=orapwhbqzcsra1 entries=10 force=y ignorecase=y password=picclife
OPW-00029: Password complexity failed for SYS user : Password must contain at least 1 digit.
#PL/SQL登錄 12c環境報錯
#本地先配置好PDB，及tnsnames.ora字符串
#本地sqlplus 登錄測試OK
sqlplus dbamonitor/dbamonitor_1@10.135.102.249:1521/HBQZCSRAPDB
#提示版本問題：
ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
Doc ID 402193.1
network/admin$ vi sqlnet.ora
#Supported since: 11.0
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION=11
#用戶密碼錯誤：重置密碼
SQL> alter user dbamonitor identified by dbamonitor_1;
三、PDB配置
1日志格式化
SQL> alter database add logfile thread 1 group 21('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 22('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 23('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 24('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 25('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 31('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 32('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 33('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 34('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
alter database add logfile thread 2 group 35('+DATA','+DATA') size 512m;
SQL> alter system archive log current;
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
2tnsnames.ora文件配置
network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#解釋說明：節點一配置，三個字符串：一個CDB使用SCAN IP，一個本地PDB 使用節點一服務器本地物理IP，最后一個集群對外連接TNS字符串，使用兩個VIP集合：連接目標PDB
#CDB與11g一樣，PDB的server_name參數= PDB_NAME 而非數據庫server_name參數
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hbqzcsrac-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
HBPDB_1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.135.102.201)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = HBQZCSRAPDB)
)
)
cshb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.135.102.249)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.135.102.248)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = HBQZCSRAPDB)
)
)
#測試：直接連接PDB
sqlplus system/picclife@cshb
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 HBQZCSRAPDB READ WRITE NO
#創建測試用戶
SQL> CREATE USER DBAMONITOR IDENTIFIED BY dbamonitor_1;
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO DBAMONITOR;
#測試：直接連接PDB中的測試用戶，需要創建
sqlplus dbamonitor/dbamonitor_1@10.135.102.248:1521/HBQZCSRAPDB
#默認sqlplus / as sysdba 直連CDB
#CDB切換PDB
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 HBQZCSRAPDB READ WRITE NO
SQL> alter session set container=&PDB_NAME;
Enter value for pdb_name: HBQZCSRAPDB
old 1: alter session set container=&PDB_NAME
new 1: alter session set container=HBQZCSRAPDB
3創建測試表空間
#目的：在新的12c PDB環境中，創建測試表空間，參照生產庫A庫
#開啟計時
set time on
#創建語法：
CREATE TBLESPACE TABLESPACE_NAME DATAFILE 'XX/.DBF' SIZE 100M SIZE 1M;
OR SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 4G,;
OR SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF; 默認非自動擴展
datafile '+DATA'
#查詢數據文件：有序
SQL> select FILE#,name from v$datafile
FILE# NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
1 +DATA/single/system01.dbf
create tablespace tts datafile '+DATA/single/tts.dbf' size 1m autoextend on maxsize 31g;
#12C CDB 與PDB之間表空間是分割開的，共享SYSTEM,SYSAUX
#UNDO表空間也不同
#CDB/PDB查詢使用的UNdo表空間，查詢結果相同
undo_tablespace UNDOTBS2
#查詢PDB測試12c數據文件大小
select tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024/1024 g,AUTOEXTENSIBLE,MAXBYTES/1024/1024/1024 g from dba_data_files
TABLESPACE_NAME G AUTOEX G
-----------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM .87890625 YES 31.9999847
SYSAUX 3.52539063 YES 31.9999847
UNDOTBS1 21.3232422 YES 31.9999847
UNDOTBS2 .004882813 YES 31.9999847
#查詢生產庫的資料信息
select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,AUTOEXTENSIBLE,round(sum(MAXBYTES)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,count(*) from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE;
TABLESPACE_NAME G AUTOEX G COUNT(*)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKUP_TS 30 NO 0 1
UNDO_2 32 YES 32 1
USERS 9.61 YES 32 1
LIFEDATA_T_L 3000 NO 0 1
UNDOTBS1 25.01 YES 32 1
ILOG 10 YES 32 1
SYSTEM .29 YES 32 1
SYSAUX 1.38 YES 32 1
UNDO_2 30 NO 0 1
UNDOTBS1 30 NO 0 1
TB1 10 NO 0 5=>5個數據文件每個20G 非自動擴展！！！
RM_DEPLOY_TBS 100 NO 0 5
12 rows selected.
#查詢生產庫表空間管理方式
select TABLESPACE_NAME,BLOCK_SIZE,INITIAL_EXTENT,NEXT_EXTENT,CONTENTS,EXTENT_MANAGEMENT,ALLOCATION_TYPE,SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT from dba_tablespaces
TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCK_SIZE INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT CONTENTS EXTENT_MANAGEMENT ALLOCATION_TYPE SEGMENT_SPAC
-------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ---------------
SYSTEM 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM MANUAL
SYSAUX 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM AUTO
UNDOTBS1 8192 65536 UNDO LOCAL SYSTEM MANUAL
TEMP 8192 1048576 1048576TEMPORARY LOCAL UNIFORM MANUAL
USERS 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM AUTO
#create tablespace
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 HBQZCSRAPDB READ WRITE NO
#創建測試數據表空間
set timing on
create tablespace tb1 datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
Elapsed: 00:00:56.28
alter tablespace tb1 add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
alter tablespace tb1 add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
alter tablespace tb1 add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
alter tablespace tb1 add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
4創建UNDO表空間
#UNDO表空間，PDB使用自己的，需要配置UNDO LOCAL本地模式
#查詢UNDO表空間是否本地，創建UNDO，修改PDB默認UNDO
select property_name,property_value from database_properties where property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
#查詢PDB undo 模式，共享還是本地，本地環境【圖形化，勾選了每個PDB獨自擁有UNDO表空間】
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
SQL> create undo tablespace pdb_undo datafile '+data' size 31g;
Elapsed: 00:01:46.25
SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace=pdb_undo;
#查詢UNdo表空間
select con_id,tablespace_name from cdb_tablespaces where tablespace_name like '%UNDO%' order by con_id;
#雖然圖形化，勾選，每個PDB肚子擁有UNDO，但是並未真實安裝分配，所以手工分配
5 創建TEMP 表空間
#查詢臨時表空間數據量
sys@FKDB2>select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,AUTOEXTENSIBLE,round(sum(MAXBYTES)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,count(*) from dba_temp_files group by tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE;
TABLESPACE_NAME G AUTOEX G COUNT(*)
------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------
TEMP 210 NO 0 7 --PDB獨有
TEMP 32YES 32 1 --CDB
#查詢pdb數據庫默認臨時表空間：添加7個臨時表空間，設置為數據庫默認臨時表空間
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_pdb TEMPFILE '+data' SIZE 30g;
alter database default temporary tablespace temp_pdb;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
alter tablespace temp_pdb add tempfile '+data' size 30g;
6同步測試環境PDB，與生產環境的PDB的表空間，相同
#查詢生產系統表空間
select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,AUTOEXTENSIBLE,round(sum(MAXBYTES)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,count(*) from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE;
TABLESPACE_NAME G AUTOEX G COUNT(*)
------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------ ----------
BACKUP_TS 30 NO 0 1
UNDO_2 32 YES 32 1
USERS 9.61 YES 32 1
LIFEDATA_T_L 3000 NO 0 1
UNDOTBS1 25.01 YES 32 1
ILOG 10 YES 32 1
SYSTEM .29 YES 32 1
SYSAUX 1.38 YES 32 1
UNDO_2 30 NO 0 1
UNDOTBS1 30 NO 0 1
TB1 100 NO 0 5
RM_DEPLOY_TBS 100 NO 0 5
12 rows selected.
#查詢數據庫默認永久表空間：無需修改，都是users
SQL> select property_value from database_properties where
property_name='DEFAULT_PERMANENT_TABLESPACE';
PROPERTY_VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERS
#需要創建的三個表空間的類型：管理方式：查詢：
select TABLESPACE_NAME,BLOCK_SIZE,INITIAL_EXTENT,NEXT_EXTENT,CONTENTS,EXTENT_MANAGEMENT,ALLOCATION_TYPE,SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT,bigfile from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name in ('LIFEDATA_T_L','ILOG','RM_DEPLOY_TBS')
TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCK_SIZE INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT CONTENTS EXTENT_MAN ALLOCATION SEGMENT_SPAC BIGFIL
------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------
ILOG 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM AUTO NO
RM_DEPLOY_TBS 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM AUTO NO
LIFEDATA_T_L 8192 65536 PERMANENT LOCAL SYSTEM AUTO YES
#一個BIG FILE類型的表空間，自動管理類型：3000G LIFEDATA_T_L
#兩個small fIle類型表空間，標准塊大小無特殊情況：
一個10g大小，自動擴展最大32g ILOG
另一個表空間20g，五個數據文件，非自動擴展 RM_DEPLOY_TBS
#由於空間過大，查詢ASM磁盤組的剩余空間
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,TYPE,TOTAL_MB/1024 TOTAL_G,FREE_MB/1024 FREE_G from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE TOTAL_G FREE_G
------------ ------------------------------ ------ ---------- ----------
1 CRS EXTERN 50 15.8203125
2 DATA EXTERN 5120 4753.32031
#創建表空間，一個數據文件，分配10g，非自動擴展
set timing on
create tablespace ILOG datafile ‘+data’ size 10g autoextend on;
#創建表空間，五個數據文件，總分配100g，非自動擴展
create tablespace RM_DEPLOY_TBS datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
SQL> alter tablespace RM_DEPLOY_TBS add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
SQL> alter tablespace RM_DEPLOY_TBS add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
SQL>alter tablespace RM_DEPLOY_TBS add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
SQL>alter tablespace RM_DEPLOY_TBS add datafile '+data' size 20g autoextend off;
Elapsed: 00:01:05.19
#查詢生產系統bigfile類型表空間，真實分配的大小
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 "G" from dba_segments where tablespace_name='LIFEDATA_T_L';
G
----------
2935.89246
#創建BIG FILE表空間 分配1T
#直接創建分配1t Bigfile表空間，需要1個小時的時間，容易創建失敗！
#可以考慮使用自動擴展
#或者使用size 30g resize 慢慢擴大
SQL> create bigfile tablespace LIFEDATA_T_L datafile '+data' size 1024G autoextend off;
Tablespace created.
Elapsed: 00:58:34.88
#檢查兩端對比：
SQL> select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,AUTOEXTENSIBLE,round(sum(MAXBYTES)/1024/1024/1024,2)g,count(*) from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE;
OK