先說基本用法：
先按11G之前進行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用戶名或角色名無效.
查官方文檔得知“試圖創建一個通用用戶，必需要用C##或者c##開頭”，這時候心里會有疑問，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再說
create C##user test identifed by test;
創建成功
SQL>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
這時再用create user test identifed by test;建立用戶就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一個很亮的新特性,由於他們的引入導致傳統的ORACLE數據庫管理理念不少發生了改變,這里列舉了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb關系圖
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL>
select
*
from
v$version;
BANNER CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0
TNS
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
|
啟動關閉pdb
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System
Global
Area 597098496 bytes
Fixed
Size
2291072 bytes
Variable
Size
272632448 bytes
Database
Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 7602176 bytes
Database
mounted.
Database
opened.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
pdb1
open
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
pdb1
close
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
all
open
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2
READ
WRITE
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
all
close
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> startup
Pluggable
Database
opened.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
|
pdb的管理可以在cdb中進行也可以在pdb中進行,如果是cdb中進行,需要PLUGGABLE關鍵字,如果是pdb中直接和普通數據庫一樣
登錄pdb
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:02
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connecting
to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS
of
the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
Start
Date
11-MAY-2013 18:30:54
Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36
min
. 8 sec
Trace
Level
off
Security
ON
:
Local
OS Authentication
SNMP
OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(
KEY
=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))
(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service
"+ASM"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"+ASM"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"cdb"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"cdbXDB"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"pdb1"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"pdb2"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1
TNS Ping Utility
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:09
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter
to
resolve the alias
Attempting
to
contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)
(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1
as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production
on
Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and
Real
Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus /
as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production
on
Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and
Real
Application Testing options
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
|
pdb可以通過alter session container進入也可以直接通過tns方式登錄
創建用戶
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei;
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common
user
or
role
name
SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000,
"invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made
to
create
a common
user
or
role
with
a
name
// that wass
not
valid
for
common users
or
roles.
In
addition
to
// the usual rules
for
user
and
role names, common
user
and
role
// names must start
with
C##
or
c##
and
consist
only
of
ASCII
// characters.
// *
Action
: Specify a valid common
user
or
role
name
.
//
SQL>
create
user
c##xff identified
by
xifenfei;
User
created.
SQL>
SELECT
USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID
FROM
CDB_USERS
WHERE
USERNAME=
'C##XFF'
;
USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
C##XFF 1 103
C##XFF 3 104
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei;
User
created.
SQL>
create
user
c##abc identified
by
xifenfei;
create
user
c##abc identified
by
xifenfei
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-65094: invalid
local
user
or
role
name
|
創建用戶默認的是container=all,在cdb中只能創建全局用戶(c##開頭),會在cdb和所有的pdb中創建該用戶(但是pdb中的全局用戶需要另外授權才能夠在pdb中訪問)。在pdb中只能創建的用戶為本地用戶
用戶授權
SQL>
grant
connect
to
c##xff;
Grant
succeeded.
SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id
from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS
where
GRANTED_ROLE=
'CONNECT'
AND
GRANTEE=
'C##XFF'
;
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
SQL>
grant
resource
to
c##xff container=
all
;
Grant
succeeded.
SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id
from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS
where
GRANTED_ROLE=
'RESOURCE'
AND
GRANTEE=
'C##XFF'
;
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
C##XFF 3
|
用戶授權默認情況下是只會給當前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,對所有open的pdb且存在該用戶都進行授權
修改參數
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=500 container=
all
;
System altered.
SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1
as
sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
500
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100;
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-01219:
database
or
pluggable
database
not
open
: queries allowed
on
fixed
tables
or
views
only
SQL>
alter
database
open
;
Database
altered.
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
100
SQL> conn /
as
sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
500
|
這里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb會繼承進去;如果在pdb中修改會覆蓋pdb從cdb中繼承的參數含義
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