極客驗證碼破解

很多網站的登陸都有驗證碼一項，而極客的方案就是應用的非常普遍。更多的場景是反反爬蟲的對抗中，極客驗證碼更是首選。

圖片來看一下

點擊后就出現上面的滑動圖片的窗口。本文親自嘗試代碼，來分享其中的坑。

本文是使用selenium自動化測試工具來驅動代碼完成驗證，因此要有谷歌的driver和谷歌瀏覽器。以http://www.epicc.com.cn/idprovider/views/login.jsp為例子。

首先

    def get_geetest_button(self):
        """
        獲取初始驗證按鈕
        :return:
        """
        button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'slide-tip')))
        return button
    
    def get_position(self):
        """
        獲取驗證碼位置
        :return: 驗證碼位置元組
        """

        img=self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME ,'captcha-box-content')))
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        print(location)
        size = img.size
        top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size[
            'width']
        print((top, bottom, left, right))
        # return (top, bottom, left, right)
        return (238, 400, 1103, 1473)

    def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        獲取網頁截圖
        :return: 截圖對象
        """
        name = int(time.time())
        screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        with open("screenshot"+ str(name) + ".png","wb")as f:
            f.write(screenshot)

        screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))

        return screenshot
    
    def get_slider(self):
        """
        獲取滑塊
        :return: 滑塊對象
        """
        slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'slide-bar')))
        return slider
    
    def get_geetest_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
        """
        獲取驗證碼圖片
        :return: 圖片對象
        """
        top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position()
        print('驗證碼位置', top, bottom, left, right)
        time.sleep(3)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop函數帶的參數為(起始點的橫坐標，起始點的縱坐標，寬度，高度）
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha
    
    def open(self):
        """
        打開網頁輸入用戶名密碼
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(1)
        passLoginButton = self.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//ul[@class='login-tab-list']/li[2]")
        passLoginButton.click()
        email = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'entryId')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'password')))
        email.send_keys(self.email)
        password.send_keys(self.password)
    
    def get_gap(self, image1, image2):
        """
        獲取缺口偏移量
        :param image1: 不帶缺口圖片
        :param image2: 帶缺口圖片
        :return:
        """

        for i in range(INIT_LEFT, image1.size[0]):
            for j in range(image1.size[1]):
                if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j):
                    left = i
                    return left

    def is_pixel_equal(self, image1, image2, x, y):
        """
        判斷兩個像素是否相同
        :param image1: 圖片1
        :param image2: 圖片2
        :param x: 位置x
        :param y: 位置y
        :return: 像素是否相同
        """
        # 取兩個圖片的像素點
        pixel1 = image1.load()[x, y]
        pixel2 = image2.load()[x, y]
        threshold = 60
        if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs(
                pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    
    def get_track(self, distance):
        """
        根據偏移量獲取移動軌跡
        :param distance: 偏移量
        :return: 移動軌跡
        """
        # 移動軌跡
        track = []
        # 當前位移
        current = 0
        # 減速閾值
        mid = distance * 4 / 5
        # 計算間隔
        t = 0.2
        # 初速度
        v = 0
        
        while current < distance:
            if current < mid:
                # 加速度為正2
                a = 2
            else:
                # 加速度為負3
                a = -3
            # 初速度v0
            v0 = v
            # 當前速度v = v0 + at
            v = v0 + a * t
            # 移動距離x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2
            move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t
            # 當前位移
            current += move
            # 加入軌跡
            track.append(round(move))
        return track
    
    def move_to_gap(self, slider, track):
        """
        拖動滑塊到缺口處
        :param slider: 滑塊
        :param track: 軌跡
        :return:
        """
        ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
        for x in track:
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
    
    def login(self):
        """
        登錄
        :return: None
        """
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'epiccLogin')))
        submit.click()
        time.sleep(10)
        print('登錄成功')
    
    def crack(self):
        # 輸入用戶名密碼
        self.open()
        # 點擊驗證按鈕
        button = self.get_geetest_button()
        ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element(button).perform()
        # button.click()
        time.sleep(5)

        # 獲取驗證碼圖片
        image1 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha1.png')

        # 點按呼出缺口
        print("點按呼出缺口")
        slider = self.get_slider()
        slider.click()
        # 獲取帶缺口的驗證碼圖片
        image2 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha2.png')
        # 獲取缺口位置
        gap = self.get_gap(image1, image2)
        print('缺口位置', gap)
        # 減去缺口位移 BORDER指的是待拼合的滑塊距離驗證碼圖片左邊的距離(經過驗證大多數網站滑塊驗證碼這個值是是固定的)
        gap -= BORDER  #滑塊要滑動的距離
        print("需要滑動的距離:{}".format(gap))
        gap = gap * 0.8
        # 獲取移動軌跡
        track = self.get_track(gap)
        print('滑動軌跡', track)
        # 拖動滑塊
        self.move_to_gap(slider, track)

        success = self.wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_success_radar_tip_content'), '驗證成功'))
        print(success)
        
        # 失敗后重試
        if not success:
            self.crack()
        else:
            self.login()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    crack = CrackGeetest()
    crack.crack()