【給鏈接不贅述】【提醒坑】【想更簡單學計算機必須會看懂英語】【win讓你專注代碼未來深入linux】【盡管文件恨多，但是我們不去dissect 是永遠不會的】
https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/typescript-in-5-minutes.html
https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript-Node-Starter#typescript-node-starter
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-windows/
【錦囊妙計】npm install 如果遇到問題，請使用npm doctor ……………………………………………………………………
啟動 mongod
"C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.6\bin\mongod.exe" --dbpath "C:\Dev\mongodb\data"
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npm run build == VSCODE快捷鍵ctrl+shift+b
npm start == VSCODE快捷鍵 ctrl+shift+p 然后輸入run task選擇npm start
打開 http://localhost:3000
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=>跳過【Deploy 部署環節】
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項目結構，由於TS比較工程化，最主要的是【ts文件在src下，編譯后在dist下】
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| .vscode | 內建 |
| dist | Contains the distributable (or output) from your TypeScript build. This is the code you ship |
| node_modules | Contains all your npm dependencies |
| src | Contains your source code that will be compiled to the dist dir |
| src/config | Passport authentication strategies and login middleware. Add other complex config code here |
| src/controllers | Controllers define functions that respond to various http requests |
| src/models | Models define Mongoose schemas that will be used in storing and retrieving data from MongoDB |
| src/public | Static assets that will be used client side |
| src/types | Holds .d.ts files not found on DefinitelyTyped. Covered more in this section |
| src/server.ts | 程序入口 |
| test | Contains your tests. Seperate from source because there is a different build process. |
| views | Views define how your app renders on the client. In this case we're using pug |
| .env.example | API keys, tokens, passwords, database URI. Clone this, but don't check it in to public repos. |
| .travis.yml | Used to configure Travis CI build |
| .copyStaticAssets.ts | Build script that copies images, fonts, and JS libs to the dist folder |
| jest.config.js | Used to configure Jest |
| package.json | File that contains npm dependencies as well as build scripts |
| tsconfig.json | Config settings for compiling server code written in TypeScript |
| tsconfig.tests.json | Config settings for compiling tests written in TypeScript |
| tslint.json | Config settings for TSLint code style checking |
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編譯是可以配置的。tsconfig.json
"compilerOptions": { "module": "commonjs", "esModuleInterop": true, //導入語法 import foo from "foo" "target": "es6", "noImplicitAny": true, //【最佳實踐】true打開的話對應我們要用任何的Library都需要.d.ts即使是空定義，放心可以下載。 "moduleResolution": "node", "sourceMap": true, //debug用 "outDir": "dist", "baseUrl": ".", "paths": { //默認會去掃描node_modules下@types(.d.ts文件)，我們私有定義.d.ts不是下載來的要配置一下。 "*": [ "node_modules/*", "src/types/*" ] } },
"include": [ //將需要編譯的文件包含進來，也可以exclude掉 "src/**/*" ]
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構建，其中package.json有可供我們調用的命令，npm run <script-name>
| Npm Script | Description |
|---|---|
start |
Does the same as 'npm run serve'. Can be invoked with npm start |
build |
Full build. Runs ALL build tasks (build-sass, build-ts, tslint, copy-static-assets) |
serve |
Runs node on dist/server.js which is the apps entry point |
watch-node |
Runs node with nodemon so the process restarts if it crashes. Used in the main watch task |
watch |
Runs all watch tasks (TypeScript, Sass, Node). Use this if you're not touching static assets. |
test |
Runs tests using Jest test runner |
watch-test |
Runs tests in watch mode |
build-ts |
Compiles all source .ts files to .js files in the dist folder |
watch-ts |
Same as build-ts but continuously watches .ts files and re-compiles when needed |
build-sass |
Compiles all .scss files to .css files |
watch-sass |
Same as build-sass but continuously watches .scss files and re-compiles when needed |
tslint |
Runs TSLint on project files |
copy-static-assets |
Calls script that copies JS libs, fonts, and images to dist directory |
debug |
Performs a full build and then serves the app in watch mode |
serve-debug |
Runs the app with the --inspect flag |
watch-debug |
The same as watch but includes the --inspect flag so you can attach a debugger |
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.d.ts 文件用來定義類型，這是因為不是所有js都有ts版本，通過這項定義，ts將幫助編輯器獲得類型提示。
有些.d.ts甚至不需要我們操心，可以去下載 => https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types
//.d.ts日常管理
1.當npm install包的時候，對應我們去下載.d.ts文件。
【下載DefinitelyTyped】npm install --save-dev @types/jquery （務必加選項或者-D，因為只是編譯期需要的依賴。）
2.下載不到，我們就要去tsconfig.json配置下path包含我們自己定義的.d.ts文件。
【自己定義.d.ts】參見 => https://github.com/Microsoft/dts-gen
如果沒成功生成的話，需要【跳過.d.ts類型檢查】直接在文件中寫 declare module "<some-library>";//相當於空文件
然后可以繼續一步一步改善（不能生成只好這樣） http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-files/introduction.html
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