Ubuntu16.04 Docker 安裝

前提條件

Docker 要求 Ubuntu 系統的內核版本高於 3.10 ，查看本頁面的前提條件來驗證你的 Ubuntu 版本是否支持 Docker。

通過 uname -r 命令查看你當前的內核版本

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# uname -r
4.13.0-38-generic

使用腳本安裝Docker

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh

下載腳本並且安裝Docker及依賴包

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh
# Executing docker install script, commit: 92d5116
+ sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sh -c apt-get install -y -qq apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl >/dev/null
+ sh -c curl -fsSL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg" | apt-key add -qq - >/dev/null
+ sh -c echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial edge" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+ [ ubuntu = debian ]
+ sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sh -c apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends docker-ce >/dev/null

 

+ sh -c docker version
Client:
 Version:    18.04.0-ce
 API version:    1.37
 Go version:    go1.9.4
 Git commit:    3d479c0
 Built:    Tue Apr 10 18:20:32 2018
 OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false
 Orchestrator:    swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:    18.04.0-ce
  API version:    1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:    go1.9.4
  Git commit:    3d479c0
  Built:    Tue Apr 10 18:18:40 2018
  OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
  Experimental:    false
If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider
adding your user to the "docker" group with something like:

  sudo usermod -aG docker your-user

Remember that you will have to log out and back in for this to take effect!

安裝完成后有個提示：當要以非root用戶可以直接運行docker時，需要執行 sudo usermod -aG docker runoob 命令，然后重新登陸

WARNING: Adding a user to the "docker" group will grant the ability to run
         containers which can be used to obtain root privileges on the
         docker host.
         Refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/security/#docker-daemon-attack-surface
         for more information.

2、啟動docker 后台服務

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# service docker start
root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# 
root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# ps -ef |grep docker
root       474     1  0 14:28 ?        00:00:01 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd://
root       481   474  0 14:28 ?        00:00:01 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
root      2103 18769  0 14:41 pts/12   00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# 

3、測試運行hello-world

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
9bb5a5d4561a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f5233545e43561214ca4891fd1157e1c3c563316ed8e237750d59bde73361e77
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

你可能想核對一下 docker 版本：

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# docker version
Client:
 Version:    18.04.0-ce
 API version:    1.37
 Go version:    go1.9.4
 Git commit:    3d479c0
 Built:    Tue Apr 10 18:20:32 2018
 OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false
 Orchestrator:    swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:    18.04.0-ce
  API version:    1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:    go1.9.4
  Git commit:    3d479c0
  Built:    Tue Apr 10 18:18:40 2018
  OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
  Experimental:    false

現在，docker 已經安裝在您的系統上。

鏡像加速：

如果要配置 Docker 守護進程默認使用 Docker 官方鏡像加速。可以在 Docker 守護進程啟動時配置 --registry-mirror 參數。

通過命令行啟動Docker

docker --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com daemon

通過配置文件啟動Docker

Docker 版本在 1.12 或更高

修改 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件並添加上 registry-mirrors 鍵值(沒有該文件的話，請先建一個)。

鑒於國內網絡問題，后續拉取 Docker 鏡像十分緩慢，我們可以需要配置加速器來解決，如：網易的鏡像地址

{
    "registry-mirrors":["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

 

從 Docker 庫先下載 Docker Image 制作的容器。

root@ranxf:/home/ranxf# docker run ubuntu:15.10 /bin/echo "Hello world"
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:15.10' locally
15.10: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7dcf5a444392: Downloading [====================================>              ]  37.63MB/51.07MB
759aa75f3cee: Download complete 
7dcf5a444392: Pull complete 
759aa75f3cee: Pull complete 
3fa871dc8a2b: Pull complete 
224c42ae46e7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:02521a2d079595241c6793b2044f02eecf294034f31d6e235ac4b2b54ffc41f3
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:15.10