python-操作xml格式的文件

xml文件的格式如下：

<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year updated="yes">2009</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
        <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year updated="yes">2012</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year updated="yes">2012</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
        <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
    </country>
</data>

# @File    : 4.8.1xml模塊.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

print(root.tag) #獲取標簽名

for child in root:  # 遍歷每一層標簽
    print('----------', child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child: # 遍歷各層標簽下的子標簽和值
        print(i.tag, i.text)

print('-------------------------------------------')
# 只遍歷year節點
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag, node.text)

# @File    : 4.8.2xml文件增刪改查.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 改值操作
tree = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')
root = tree.getroot()  # f.seek(0)
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1
    node.text = str(new_year)
    node.set('updated', 'yes')
tree.write("xmltest.xml")

# 刪除值操作
tree = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')
root = tree.getroot()  # f.seek(0)
for country in root.findall('country'):
    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
    if rank > 50:
        root.remove(country)

print('----------------------')
for node in root.iter('rank'):
    print(node.tag, node.text)

tree.write('output.xml')

# @File    : 4.8.3自動創建xml文件.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET


new_xml = ET.Element('country_list')  # 生成一個節點名
# 生成第1個xml標簽
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'yes'})
age = ET.SubElement(name, 'age', attrib={'checked': 'no'})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, 'sex')
sex.text = '33'
# 生成第2個xml標簽
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'yes'})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, 'age', attrib={'checked': 'no'})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, 'sex')
age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)  # 生成檔案
et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml)  # 打印生成的格式