深入理解Aspnet Core之Identity(1)

      最近學習asp.netcore 打算寫出來和大家分享，我計划先寫Identity部分，會從開始asp.netocre identity的簡單實用開始，然后再去講解主要的類和自定義這些類。

主題：asp.netcore Identity 的簡單實用

創建項目：

使用asp.netcore 項目模版創建一個空（empty）項目，創建完成之后編輯.csproj文件，代碼如下

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Folder Include="wwwroot\" />
  </ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.0.0" /> <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet"
        Version="2.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

 增加了

<DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet"

        Version="2.0.0" />
 這個行代碼；
然后編輯 startup代碼文件，增加mvc，和認證部分

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{
            services.AddMvc();
}
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app) 
{
            app.UseStatusCodePages();
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();
}

 配置Identity

---

---

現在我們配置identity的信息，包括配置的修改，添加user類

1創建user類

user類代表了用戶的賬號信息，比如登陸名，密碼，角色，email等信息，代碼如下：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
namespace DemoUser.Models
{
    public class AppUser:IdentityUser
    {
        
    }
}

 我們是繼承了 identityuser這個類，這個類已經包含了基本的用戶信息屬性，比如 登陸名，密碼 ，手機號等，該類的反編譯之后信息如下：

// Decompiled with JetBrains decompiler
// Type: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1
// Assembly: Microsoft.Extensions.Identity.Stores, Version=2.0.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60
// MVID: 7E04453E-9787-4C8F-ACD1-4ADA9BB7C88C
// Assembly location: /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/NuGetFallbackFolder/microsoft.extensions.identity.stores/2.0.1/lib/netstandard2.0/Microsoft.Extensions.Identity.Stores.dll

using System;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
{
  /// <summary>Represents a user in the identity system</summary>
  /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type used for the primary key for the user.</typeparam>
  public class IdentityUser<TKey> where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of <see cref="T:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1" />.
    /// </summary>
    public IdentityUser()
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of <see cref="T:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1" />.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="userName">The user name.</param>
    public IdentityUser(string userName)
      : this()
    {
      this.UserName = userName;
    }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the primary key for this user.</summary>
    public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the user name for this user.</summary>
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the normalized user name for this user.</summary>
    public virtual string NormalizedUserName { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the email address for this user.</summary>
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the normalized email address for this user.
    /// </summary>
    public virtual string NormalizedEmail { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if a user has confirmed their email address.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>True if the email address has been confirmed, otherwise false.</value>
    public virtual bool EmailConfirmed { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets a salted and hashed representation of the password for this user.
    /// </summary>
    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// A random value that must change whenever a users credentials change (password changed, login removed)
    /// </summary>
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// A random value that must change whenever a user is persisted to the store
    /// </summary>
    public virtual string ConcurrencyStamp { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

    /// <summary>Gets or sets a telephone number for the user.</summary>
    public virtual string PhoneNumber { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if a user has confirmed their telephone address.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>True if the telephone number has been confirmed, otherwise false.</value>
    public virtual bool PhoneNumberConfirmed { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if two factor authentication is enabled for this user.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>True if 2fa is enabled, otherwise false.</value>
    public virtual bool TwoFactorEnabled { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the date and time, in UTC, when any user lockout ends.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>A value in the past means the user is not locked out.</remarks>
    public virtual DateTimeOffset? LockoutEnd { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if the user could be locked out.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>True if the user could be locked out, otherwise false.</value>
    public virtual bool LockoutEnabled { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the number of failed login attempts for the current user.
    /// </summary>
    public virtual int AccessFailedCount { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Returns the username for this user.</summary>
    public override string ToString()
    {
      return this.UserName;
    }
  }
}

 這個類已經定義好了一些關於賬戶的屬性，，假如我們覺得還需要添加自定義的屬性比如 用戶的地址，我們只需要在我們繼承的類添加自定義的屬性即可；

創建數據庫上下文：

下面我們要創建一個數據上下文用於連接數據庫，代碼如下：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace DemoUser.Models
{
    public class AppIdentityDbContext :IdentityDbContext<AppUser>
    {
        public AppIdentityDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppIdentityDbContext> options)
            : base(options) { }
    }
}

 配置數據庫連接字符串：

為了連接數據庫我們要配置一個連接字符串，修改appsettings.json文件如下：

 

{
  "Data": {
    "AppStoreIdentity": {
      "ConnectionString": "Server=192.168.0.4;Database=IdentityUsers;User ID =SA; Password=!@#"
    } 
  }
}

 

 下面我們需要在startup類配置連接字符串到數據庫上下文；

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{
            services.AddDbContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(
                    Configuration["Data:AppStoreIdentity:ConnectionString"]));
            services.AddIdentity<AppUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<AppIdentityDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
            services.AddMvc();
        }

 創建數據庫：

下面我們需要用EFCore去生成一個數據庫：

打開控制台，定位到當前的項目，輸入：

dotnet ef migrations add Initial

然后就會產生一個migrations文件夾，里面是我們要生成數據庫的代碼；
然后 在控制台輸入：

dotnet ef database update

這樣我們的數據庫就生成了

這里是我上傳的github倉庫地址：https://github.com/bluetianx/AspnetCoreExample

后續：

我會創建一個具有增刪改查的賬戶管理界面