由於pytorch會自動舍棄圖計算的中間結果,所以想要獲取這些數值就需要使用鈎子函數。
鈎子函數包括Variable的鈎子和nn.Module鈎子,用法相似。
一、register_hook
import torch from torch.autograd import Variable grad_list = [] def print_grad(grad): grad_list.append(grad) x = Variable(torch.randn(2, 1), requires_grad=True) y = x+2 z = torch.mean(torch.pow(y, 2)) lr = 1e-3 y.register_hook(print_grad) z.backward() x.data -= lr*x.grad.data print(grad_list)
二、register_forward_hook
& register_backward_hook
這兩個函數的功能類似於variable函數的register_hook
,可在module前向傳播或反向傳播時注冊鈎子。
每次前向傳播執行結束后會執行鈎子函數(hook)。前向傳播的鈎子函數具有如下形式:hook(module, input, output) -> None
,而反向傳播則具有如下形式:hook(module, grad_input, grad_output) -> Tensor or None
。
鈎子函數不應修改輸入和輸出,並且在使用后應及時刪除,以避免每次都運行鈎子增加運行負載。鈎子函數主要用在獲取某些中間結果的情景,如中間某一層的輸出或某一層的梯度。這些結果本應寫在forward函數中,但如果在forward函數中專門加上這些處理,可能會使處理邏輯比較復雜,這時候使用鈎子技術就更合適一些。下面考慮一種場景,有一個預訓練好的模型,需要提取模型的某一層(不是最后一層)的輸出作為特征進行分類,但又不希望修改其原有的模型定義文件,這時就可以利用鈎子函數。下面給出實現的偽代碼。
model = VGG() features = t.Tensor() def hook(module, input, output): '''把這層的輸出拷貝到features中''' features.copy_(output.data) handle = model.layer8.register_forward_hook(hook) _ = model(input) # 用完hook后刪除 handle.remove()
測試LeNet網絡
import torch as t import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F class LeNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet,self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6,16,5) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16*5*5,120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120,84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84,10) def forward(self,x): x = F.max_pool2d(F.relu(self.conv1(x)),(2,2)) x = F.max_pool2d(F.relu(self.conv2(x)),2) x = x.view(x.size()[0], -1) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x
先模擬一下單次的向前傳播,
net = LeNet() img = t.autograd.Variable((t.arange(32*32*1).view(1,1,32,32))) net(img)
Variable containing: Columns 0 to 7 27.6373 -13.4590 23.0988 -16.4491 -8.8454 -15.6934 -4.8512 1.3490 Columns 8 to 9 3.7801 -15.9396 [torch.FloatTensor of size 1x10]
仿照上面示意,進行鈎子注冊,獲取第一卷積層輸出結果,
def hook(module, inputdata, output): '''把這層的輸出拷貝到features中''' print(output.data) handle = net.conv2.register_forward_hook(hook) net(img) # 用完hook后刪除 handle.remove()
……
……
[torch.FloatTensor of size 1x16x10x10]
看看hook能識別什么
import torch from torch import nn import torch.functional as F from torch.autograd import Variable def for_hook(module, input, output): print(module) for val in input: print("input val:",val) for out_val in output: print("output val:", out_val) class Model(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(Model, self).__init__() def forward(self, x): return x+1 model = Model() x = Variable(torch.FloatTensor([1]), requires_grad=True) handle = model.register_forward_hook(for_hook) print(model(x)) handle.remove()
可見對於目標層,其輸入輸出都可以獲取到,
Model( ) input val: Variable containing: 1 [torch.FloatTensor of size 1] output val: Variable containing: 2 [torch.FloatTensor of size 1] Variable containing: 2 [torch.FloatTensor of size 1]