在登錄頁面和各種頁面,會看到有驗證碼輸入,這樣做的目的是為了防止密碼猜測工具破解密碼,保護了用戶密碼安全,驗證碼只能使用一次,這樣就給密碼猜測工具帶來了很大的困難,基本上阻斷了密碼猜測工具的使用。
可以使用session獲得一次性驗證碼。先看一下登錄頁面,即顯示驗證碼的頁面,代碼為:
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>CheckCode.html</title>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- </head>
- <body>
- <form action="/learnJS/servlet/LoginFormServlet" method="post">
- 用戶名:<input type="text" name="name"/><br/>
- 密 碼:<input type="password" name="pass"><br/>
- 驗證碼:<input type="text" name="check_code"/>
- <img src="/learnJS/servlet/CheckCodeServlet"/><br/>
- <input type="submit" name="登錄"/>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
驗證碼存放在一張圖片上,那圖片是通過servlet產生的,在servlet中先產生驗證碼存放到session中,供以后驗證使用,然后在畫一張圖片,將驗證碼無規則的放在圖片上,在圖片上畫上干擾字符,然后就可以啦。代碼如下:
- package com.you.servlet;
- import java.awt.Color;
- import java.awt.Font;
- import java.awt.Graphics;
- import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static int WIDTH = 60;
- private static int HEIGHT = 20;
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
- ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
- //設置瀏覽器不要緩存此圖片
- response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
- response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
- response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
- //創建內存圖像並獲得其圖形上下文
- BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
- Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
- //產生隨機的驗證碼
- char[] rands = generateCheckCode();
- //產生圖像
- drawBackground(g);
- drawRands(g, rands);
- //結束圖像的繪制過程,完成圖像
- g.dispose();
- //將圖像輸出到客戶端
- ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", bos);
- byte[] buf = bos.toByteArray();
- response.setContentLength(buf.length);
- sos.write(buf);
- bos.close();
- sos.close();
- //將當前驗證碼存入到session中
- session.setAttribute("check_code", new String(rands));
- }
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- private char[] generateCheckCode() {
- //定義驗證碼的字符集
- String chars = "0123456789abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
- char[] rands = new char[4];
- for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
- int rand = (int)(Math.random() * 36);
- rands[i] = chars.charAt(rand);
- }
- return rands;
- }
- private void drawRands(Graphics g, char[] rands) {
- g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
- g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,18));
- //在不同的高度上輸出驗證碼的每個字符
- g.drawString("" + rands[0], 1, 17);
- g.drawString("" + rands[1], 16, 15);
- g.drawString("" + rands[2], 31, 18);
- g.drawString("" + rands[3], 46, 16);
- System.out.println(rands);
- }
- private void drawBackground(Graphics g) {
- //畫背景
- g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
- g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
- //隨機產生120個干擾點
- for(int i = 0; i < 120; i++) {
- int x = (int)(Math.random() * WIDTH);
- int y = (int)(Math.random() * HEIGHT);
- int red = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
- int green = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
- int blue = (int)(Math.random() * 255);
- g.setColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
- g.drawOval(x, y, 1, 0);
- }
- }
- }
然后是登錄之后處理用戶是否登錄成功的servlet,在這個servlet中通過比較session中存放的驗證碼和用戶輸入的驗證碼,如果匹配則進行下一步判斷,如果不匹配直接輸出驗證碼不匹配的問題。代碼為:
- package com.you.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class LoginFormServlet extends HttpServlet {
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
- PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
- HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
- if(session == null) {
- out.print("驗證碼處理問題");
- return;
- }
- String saveCode = (String)session.getAttribute("check_code");
- if(saveCode == null) {
- out.print("驗證碼處理問題");
- return;
- }
- String checkCode = request.getParameter("check_code");
- if(!saveCode.equals(checkCode)) {
- out.print("驗證碼無效!");
- return;
- }
- session.removeAttribute("check_code");
- out.print("驗證碼通過,服務器正在校驗用戶名和密碼!");
- }
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- }