藍牙通信第1篇:搜索藍牙設備

一：注意事項

      1：android6.0使用藍牙時，需要開啟gps定位權限，不然無法搜索其它藍牙設備。

二：權限

      1：權限配置

<!--允許程序連接到已配對的藍牙設備-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!-- 允許程序發現和配對藍牙設備 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!--android 6.0 涉及到的權限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<!-- 在SDCard中創建與刪除文件的權限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard寫入數據的權限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

 

 

    2：動態權限代碼

    由於需要用到存儲卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代碼動態設置。

   a)獲取定位設置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
     boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
     Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            //開啟位置服務，支持獲取ble藍牙掃描結果
     if (!isLocat) {
        Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
        startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
     }
}

 /**
     * 判斷位置信息是否開啟
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
        LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        //gps定位
        boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
        //網絡定位
        boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
        return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
    }

 

b)存儲卡權限設置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            //動態請求讀寫sd卡權限
            if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
            }
}

然后通過onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法獲取動態權限的結果：

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case SD_CARD:
                if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                  //允許訪問

                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒絕了程序訪問存儲卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            case COARES_LOCATION:
                break;
        }
    }

 三：藍牙搜索

android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是藍牙開發用得比較多，並且比較重要的一個類，可以設備藍牙名稱，打開，關閉，搜索等常規操作。

  1 藍牙打開，以及搜索

     藍牙打開和關閉信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收廣播

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); 
//判斷藍牙是否打開
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}

藍牙打開后，我們可以獲取設備的藍牙信息

 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 //獲取本機藍牙名稱
 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//獲取本機藍牙地址
 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

搜索完成后，通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND廣播去接收結果，廣播代碼如下(注意：可能出現設備搜索不到的情況，設備需要開啟允許周圍設備搜索，或者通過程序來控制允許搜索的時間范圍)

  /*確保藍牙被發現，在榮耀8手機上，設置了還是默認的2分鍾，所以以下幾句代碼程序中沒有，*/

Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//設置可見狀態的持續時間為300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);

private void initSearchBroadcast() {
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        //發現設備
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        //設備配對狀態改變
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
        //藍牙設備狀態改變
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        //開始掃描
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
        //結束掃描
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        //其它設備請求配對
        intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);
        //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
    }


private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action);
            try {
                if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//開始掃描
                    setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
                    log1.setText("正在掃描設備，請稍候...");
                } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//結束掃描
                    Logger.e(TAG + "設備搜索完畢");
                    setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
                    log1.setText("掃描完成");
                    bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    scanStatus = false;
                } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//發現設備
                    findDevice(intent);
                } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//藍牙配對狀態的廣播
                    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播:" + device.getBondState());
                    switch (device.getBondState()) {
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 正在配對......");
                            break;
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 完成配對,本機自動配對");
                            bondDevices.add(device);
                            unbondDevices.remove(device);
                            bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                            unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); 
                            break;
                        case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
                            Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 取消配對");
                            unbondDevices.add(device);
                            bondDevices.remove(device);
                            unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                            bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它設備藍牙配對請求
                    BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態
                    try {
                        String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
                        String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
                        Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
                        //1.確認配對，高版本無效,藍牙配對不是zuk的問題，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到藍牙適配問題的，請同時打開藍牙和定位，再去配對，基本90%都沒有問題了。
                        Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
                        //2.終止有序廣播,如果沒有將廣播終止，則會出現一個一閃而過的配對框。
                        abortBroadcast();
                        //3.調用setPin方法進行配對...
                        boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//藍牙開關狀態
                    //    BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState();
                    switch (statue) {
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
                            Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙關閉");
                            ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
                            Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙打開");
                            ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter);
                            scanBluetooth();
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
                            Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在關閉");
                            mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
                            Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在打開");
                            break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };

//發現設備的代碼如下

 private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
 //獲取到設備對象
 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
 String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
 Logger.e("掃描到設備：" + str);
 if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判斷當前設備地址下的device是否已經配對
 if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
 bondDevices.add(device);
 }
 } else {
 if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
 unbondDevices.add(device);
 }
 if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
 boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
 Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
 }
 }
 Log.e("error", "搜索完畢，准備刷新!");
 bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
 unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}

   

四：藍牙配對

   正常情況下，藍牙匹配需要彈出一個匹配確認框，如下圖,但我想實現的是，匹配其中一方，不能手動點擊配對，因為發起藍牙連接的設備是android設備，是不能觸摸的，所以就要通過程序來解決這個問題，特別聲明：（測試的android設備，版本為5.x，並且已經root,沒有root的設備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設備）。

1 當我們搜索到目標手機的藍牙后，android設備主動發起連接請求，代碼如下

 if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
                boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
                Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
 }
//發起藍牙匹配請求 
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
            throws Exception {
        Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
        Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
        return returnValue.booleanValue();
}

2 當被匹配方點擊配對后，系統會通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED廣播告訴android設備，此時android設備就可以自動確認，通過這個流程來完成整個藍牙的配對,具體代碼如下

 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態
                    try {
                        String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
                        String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
                        Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); 
                        if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME  為被匹配藍牙設備的名稱，自己手動定義
                            Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
                            abortBroadcast();
                            boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }

//確認配對
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
        Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
       Object object =  setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
         return object;
    }

//配對需要調用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
                                 String str) throws Exception {
        try {
            Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
                    new Class[]
                            {byte[].class});
            Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
                    new Object[]
                            {str.getBytes()});
            Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;

    }                        

 到目前為止，藍牙權限，以及動態權限，藍牙的打開，關閉，搜索，以及自動配對(特別聲明：（自動配對的android設備，版本為5.x，並且已經root,沒有root的設備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設備）。)代碼至此結束。

下一章：藍牙通信第2篇:建立通信和發送文字消息，文件消息
 
demo代碼下載：github