說明,為了不做無用功,首先必須卸載要分區的設備,分區才能執行成功。通過命令umount /media/?? 或者umount /mnt/???
看你的實際情況,這一步必不可少。
1、首先通過命令fdisk -l 在root命令下查看U盤的分區信息。
1、首先通過命令fdisk -l 在root命令下查看U盤的分區信息。
2、通過fdisk命令對掛載的設備進行分區操作,命令如下:fdisk /dev/sdb (可能不一定是這樣,按照實際情況而定)。
3、輸入fdisk /dev/sdb 會有提示命令,輸入m就會列出來,如下所示:
root@samarxie:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
4、輸入p可以瀏覽當前設備的分區信息,如下所示:
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
4、輸入p可以瀏覽當前設備的分區信息,如下所示:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x13561963
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 268287 133120 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 268288 15523839 7627776 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
5、可以看到上面有兩個分區,現在我刪除這兩個分區,d命令:
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x13561963
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 268287 133120 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 268288 15523839 7627776 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
5、可以看到上面有兩個分區,現在我刪除這兩個分區,d命令:
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help):
6、確定是否分區被刪除了,在通過p命令:
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help):
6、確定是否分區被刪除了,在通過p命令:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x13561963
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help):
可以看出沒有了分區信息,刪除分區成功。
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x13561963
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help):
可以看出沒有了分區信息,刪除分區成功。
7、現在新建分區,兩個分區:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-15523839, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15523839, default 15523839): +200M //設定此分區的大小
Command (m for help):
第一個分區已經新建完畢。
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-15523839, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15523839, default 15523839): +200M //設定此分區的大小
Command (m for help):
第一個分區已經新建完畢。
現在第二個分區:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 2):
Using default value 2
First sector (411648-15523839, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-15523839, default 15523839): //沒有寫,就表示剩下的空間都是此分區的。
Using default value 15523839
Command (m for help):
按照默認的就可以了,這樣分區就完成了。
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 2):
Using default value 2
First sector (411648-15523839, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-15523839, default 15523839): //沒有寫,就表示剩下的空間都是此分區的。
Using default value 15523839
Command (m for help):
按照默認的就可以了,這樣分區就完成了。
8、退出分區操作:
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
這一步有可能出錯(如下),出錯的原因是現有設備掛載了。首先必須卸載此設備,上面的操作才能執行成功。
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設備或資源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設備或資源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
上面分區成功,但是我們想要自己的文件系統,比如分區1是fat格式的,分區2是ext2格式的,這樣怎樣處理呢?非常重要的命令mkfs
其有很多種命令:
mkfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4dev mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.ntfs
mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.ntfs
1、分區1為fat格式:
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n vfat /dev/sdb1 //后面的vfat是自己起的設備的命令
root@samarxie:~# mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n fat /dev/sdb1
mkfs.vfat 3.0.12 (29 Oct 2011)
root@samarxie:~# mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n fat /dev/sdb1
mkfs.vfat 3.0.12 (29 Oct 2011)
2、分區2為ext2格式:
mkfs.ext2 -F -L ext2 /dev/sdb2 //同上,這個會格式化,時間依據空間的大小不定
root@samarxie:~# mkfs.ext2 -F -L ext2 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
文件系統標簽=ext2
OS type: Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
472352 inodes, 1889024 blocks
94451 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個數據塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1937768448
58 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8144 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在寫入inode表: 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
完成
root@samarxie:~#
root@samarxie:~# mkfs.ext2 -F -L ext2 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
文件系統標簽=ext2
OS type: Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
472352 inodes, 1889024 blocks
94451 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個數據塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1937768448
58 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8144 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在寫入inode表: 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
完成
root@samarxie:~#
如果命令不知道,通過man mkfs.vfat查看,一目了然。
完成。