模擬生產搭建Standby RAC實驗環境(11.2.0.4 DG)
環境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 GI、DB
1.需求背景介紹
目前，我有一套正常運行的Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC實驗環境。這是一套VirtualBox的虛擬化環境，整套環境均放在我的台式機服務器的D盤（SSD固態盤）。也就是說，這套RAC環境的系統磁盤和共享磁盤均在本地D盤。目前出於容災的考慮，計划在我的NAS環境中構造一套DG災備環境，這里規划也是一個2節點的Standby RAC.
也就是說，災備環境的這套RAC，系統磁盤和共享磁盤都在NAS環境中，我這里的NAS映射到台式機的Z盤。
整個模擬災備的實驗中，做到了硬件級別的分離，這也就更加真實的模擬了生產中的災備環境。
現在我們來看下現有環境的基本信息：
Primary RAC主要信息如下：
#public ip
192.168.1.50 jyrac1
192.168.1.52 jyrac2
#virtual ip
192.168.1.51 jyrac1-vip
192.168.1.53 jyrac2-vip
#scan ip
192.168.1.60 jyrac-scan
#private ip
10.10.10.50 jyrac1-priv
10.10.10.52 jyrac2-priv
Primary RAC集群各資源如下：
[grid@jyrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.FRA1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.OCR1.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jyrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jyrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.jyrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.jyrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2
ora.jyzhao.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac2 Open
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jyrac1
2.准備工作
目前需要在NAS環境中進行災備環境RAC的集群軟件GI安裝配置和RAC數據庫軟件的安裝。 關於安裝部分這里不在贅述，如果有問題可以參考官檔或者我之前總結的Oracle 11g RAC的安裝部署相關章節。最終這套Oracle 11.2.0.4 Standby RAC實驗環境，主要信息如下：
#public ip
192.168.1.61 jystdrac1
192.168.1.63 jystdrac2
#virtual ip
192.168.1.62 jystdrac1-vip
192.168.1.64 jystdrac2-vip
#scan ip
192.168.1.65 jystdrac-scan
#private ip
10.10.10.61 jystdrac1-priv
10.10.10.63 jystdrac2-priv
Standby RAC集群各資源如下：
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
可以看到，Standby RAC集群各資源除了還未建立的數據庫和實例資源，其他一切正常，至此，准備工作結束。
3.主庫配置
之前在《[Oracle 11g DG配置簡明版](http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/4968164.html)》文章中，已經簡明介紹過單實例11g DG的搭建過程。 這里是RAC環境，其實基本思路一樣的，但我這里實驗更真實模擬生產實施標准，細化描述下整個過程。主庫配置操作主要有：
- 數據庫歸檔模式
- Force Logging
- 主庫參數文件修改
- 創建SRLs
- 備份數據庫
- 創建備庫參數文件
- 更新tnsnames.ora文件
3.1 數據庫歸檔模式
我這里主庫的RAC環境已經是歸檔模式。
如果不是，這樣修改：
srvctl stop database -d jyzhao
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
srvctl start database -d jyzhao
3.2 Force Logging
這個步驟對於DG來說非常重要，且需要確認是在Force Logging之后備份數據庫，防止使用之前的備份出現缺失nologging操作的部分，造成數據庫的數據不一致。
alter database force logging;
select FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;
3.3 主庫參數文件修改
使用下面語句查詢現在DG相關參數的設置情況：
set linesize 500
col value for a70
col name for a50
select name, value
from v$parameter
where name in ('db_name','db_unique_name','log_archive_config', 'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
'log_archive_dest_state_1','log_archive_dest_state_2', 'remote_login_passwordfile',
'log_archive_format','log_archive_max_processes','fal_server','db_file_name_convert',
'log_file_name_convert', 'standby_file_management');
參數設定值：
DB_NAME=jyzhao
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=8
FAL_SERVER=mynas
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
注：對於db_unique_name,我這里開始規划的主備庫分別是pcssd和mynas。
pcssd：說明這個庫在我的PC機上的SSD存儲上。
mynas：說明這個庫在我的NAS存儲上。
最后，由於考慮到生產環境一般要求對主庫環境影響最小，所以主庫的db_unique_name最終選擇不更改,還是保留jyzhao。
此外，這里LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2使用的是歸檔進程傳輸，后續可以根據需要改成LGWR傳輸，這樣主備庫的延遲可以更低。
修改參數值：
--alter system set db_unique_name='jyzhao' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
alter system set FAL_SERVER='mynas';
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+data/mynas','+data1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao' scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
3.4 創建SRLs
確認當前v$log信息：
SYS@jyzhao1 >select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 121 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 3784808 08-AUG-17 3822869 09-AUG-17
2 1 122 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 3822869 09-AUG-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 97 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 3822868 09-AUG-17 3841980 09-AUG-17
4 2 98 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 3841980 09-AUG-17 2.8147E+14
創建存放SRL的目錄並添加SRLs：
ASMCMD> mkdir +fra1/jyzhao/STANDBYLOG
--alter system set standby_file_management=manual scope=both sid='*';
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_11.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_12.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_13.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_21.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_22.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 '+fra1/jyzhao/standbylog/standby_group_23.log' size 52428800;
--alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';
添加完SRLs之后，可以查詢到：
SYS@jyzhao1 >select * from v$standby_log;
GROUP# DBID THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE USED ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME LAST_CHANGE# LAST_TIME
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
11 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
12 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
13 UNASSIGNED 1 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
21 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
22 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
23 UNASSIGNED 2 0 52428800 512 0 YES UNASSIGNED
6 rows selected.
3.5 備份數據庫
mkdir -p /public/hotback/jyzhao/standby
rman target /
run
{
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
backup database format '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/dbbackup_for_stndby_%U';
backup current controlfile for standby format '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/control_for_standby.ctl';
release channel ch1;
}
3.6 創建備庫參數文件
create pfile='pfile_for_standby.txt' from spfile;
3.7 更新tnsnames.ora文件
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
)
)
JYZHAO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
JYZHAO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jyrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jyrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
MYNAS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
)
)
MYNAS1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
MYNAS2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
4.備庫配置
備庫配置操作主要有： - 拷貝主庫RMAN備份和參數文件 - 拷貝密碼文件 - 創建備庫需要的目錄 - 修改備庫參數文件 - 拷貝tnsnames.ora文件 - 創建ASM相關目錄4.1 拷貝主庫RMAN備份和參數文件
我這里備份所在的空間可以直接nfs掛載到備庫，不需要拷貝。
4.2 拷貝密碼文件
scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1 192.168.1.61:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1
scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao1 192.168.1.63:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao2
4.3 創建備庫需要的目錄
On jystdrac1:
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1
cd /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1
mkdir trace cdump
On jystdrac2:
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao2
cd /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao2
mkdir trace cdump
4.4 修改備庫參數文件
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/mynas/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/mynas/controlfile/current.260.919999027','+FRA/mynas/controlfile/current.256.919999029'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+data1/jyzhao','+data/mynas'
*.db_name='jyzhao'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.db_unique_name='mynas'
*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jyzhaoXDB)'
*.fal_server='jyzhao'
jyzhao2.instance_number=2
jyzhao1.instance_number=1
*.java_jit_enabled=TRUE
jyzhao1.local_listener='LISTENER_JYZHAO1'
jyzhao2.local_listener='LISTENER_JYZHAO2'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,mynas)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jyzhao ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_file_name_convert='+data1/jyzhao','+data/mynas','+fra1/jyzhao','+fra/mynas'
*.memory_target=536870912
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_listener='jyrac-scan:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
jyzhao2.thread=2
jyzhao1.thread=1
jyzhao2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
jyzhao1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
注意：我這里的環境備庫和主庫的磁盤組名稱有區別，一定要仔細區分清楚，比如控制文件的全路徑確認寫正確。
4.5 拷貝tnsnames.ora文件
拷貝tnsnames.ora文件到備庫2個節點：
scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.61:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.63:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
注：這里拷貝后需要修改LOCAL_LISTENER參數 (僅在備庫端所有節點操作).這里的LOCAL_LISTENER參數是設置的tnsnames中配置的別名。
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
4.6 創建ASM相關目錄
ASMCMD> mkdir +data/MYNAS
ASMCMD> cd +data/MYNAS
ASMCMD> mkdir PARAMETERFILE DATAFILE CONTROLFILE TEMPFILE ONLINELOG
ASMCMD> mkdir +fra/MYNAS
ASMCMD> cd +fra/MYNAS
ASMCMD> mkdir ARCHIVELOG CONTROLFILE ONLINELOG STANDBYLOG
5.備庫恢復數據庫
- 使用啟動實例到nomount狀態 - 初始化standby數據庫 - 確認已創建ORLs和SRLs - 確認備庫tnsnames.ora - 啟動MRP - 創建spfile然后使用spfile啟動數據庫5.1 使用啟動實例到nomount狀態
在備庫節點1操作：
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt
5.2 初始化standby數據庫
這里常用的兩種方案：直接duplicate創建；使用RMAN手工恢復。
①使用duplicate命令創建standby數據庫:
rman target sys/oracle@jyzhao1 auxiliary /
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY from active database NOFILENAMECHECK;
②使用RMAN恢復standby數據庫：
rman target /
restore controlfile from '/public/hotback/jyzhao/standby/control_for_standby.ctl';
alter database mount;
restore database;
根據實際情況或自己更熟悉的方式選擇任意一種即可。
這里的恢復操作實際在實驗過程中碰到一個問題，具體內容可參考：《案例：Oracle報錯ASM磁盤組不存在或沒有mount》。
5.3 確認已創建ORLs和SRLs
查詢v$logfile
SQL> SELECT MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_2.267.951608745
+FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_2.258.951608751
+DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_1.266.951608731
+FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_1.257.951608737
+DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_3.268.951608757
+FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_3.259.951608763
+DATA/mynas/onlinelog/group_4.269.951608769
+FRA/mynas/onlinelog/group_4.260.951608775
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_11.log
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_12.log
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_13.log
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_21.log
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_22.log
+FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_23.log
14 rows selected.
在ASMCMD中查詢沒有也會后續自動創建的，確定路徑沒問題就可以，路徑如果有問題，很可能是之前的convert參數設置有問題。
5.4 確認備庫tnsnames.ora
確認tnsnames.ora配置正確(on all standby nodes)：
JYZHAO =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
)
)
JYZHAO1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.51)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
JYZHAO2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.53)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
LISTENER_JYZHAO1=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
LISTENER_JYZHAO2=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jystdrac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)))
MYNAS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
)
)
MYNAS1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.62)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao1)
)
)
MYNAS2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.64)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = mynas)
(SID = jyzhao2)
)
)
特別要注意LISTENER_JYZHAO1和LISTENER_JYZHAO2的配置是否對應備份的信息。
5.5 啟動MRP
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
5.6 創建spfile然后使用spfile啟動數據庫
創建spfile
create spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora' from pfile='/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt';
在備庫兩個節點修改init
On jystdrac1:
[oracle@jystdrac1 dbs]$ cat initjyzhao1.ora
spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora'
On jystdrac2:
[oracle@jystdrac2 dbs]$ cat initjyzhao2.ora
spfile='+data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora'
重新啟動到mount狀態可以再次開啟MRP進程。
6.檢查同步狀態
可以在備庫根據下面的SQL查詢相關的信息：select * from v$archive_gap;
select process, client_process, sequence#, status from v$managed_standby;
select sequence#, first_time, next_time, applied from v$archived_log;
select archived_thread#, archived_seq#, applied_thread#, applied_seq# from v$archive_dest_status;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$log_history group by thread#;
select thread#, max (sequence#) from v$archived_log where APPLIED='YES' group by thread#;
實際看同步延遲：
SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats;
NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME
-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
transport lag +00 00:04:36 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06 08/10/2017 09:25:50
apply lag +00 00:05:34 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06 08/10/2017 09:25:50
apply finish time +00 00:00:05.432 day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 09:26:06
estimated startup time 26 second 08/10/2017 09:26:06
因為我們使用的是歸檔進程傳輸，所以會有一組在線日志的延遲，如果我們想在保證不影響主庫業務的同時，盡可能更實時的去同步傳輸，那我們就需要使用LGWR傳輸,只需要去掉ARCH的關鍵字即可：
--之前的設置
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas ARCH VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas';
--修改設置，可以在線修改：
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=mynas VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=mynas';
實際上默認的就是使用LGWR去ASYNC傳輸，一般這樣延遲會很小，大部分狀態下都可以接近實時同步。關於這兩種方式的差異可以參考《ARCH和LGWR進程同步DG日志的區別》。
7.添加資源
最后我們需要把Standby RAC的數據庫和實例都添加到OCR中，使他們能夠方便被CRS所管理：--oracle user:
srvctl add database -d mynas -n jyzhao -o /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -c RAC -p +data/mynas/parameterfile/spfileMYNAS.ora -r physical_standby -a DATA,FRA
srvctl add instance -d mynas -i jyzhao1 -n jystdrac1
srvctl add instance -d mynas -i jyzhao2 -n jystdrac2
srvctl start database -d mynas
參數比較多，可以參考幫助說明：
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ srvctl add database -h
Adds a database configuration to the Oracle Clusterware.
Usage: srvctl add database -d <db_unique_name> -o <oracle_home> [-c {RACONENODE | RAC | SINGLE} [-e <server_list>] [-i <inst_name>] [-w <timeout>]] [-m <domain_name>] [-p <spfile>] [-r {PRIMARY | PHYSICAL_STANDBY | LOGICAL_STANDBY | SNAPSHOT_STANDBY}] [-s <start_options>] [-t <stop_options>] [-n <db_name>] [-y {AUTOMATIC | MANUAL | NORESTART}] [-g "<serverpool_list>"] [-x <node_name>] [-a "<diskgroup_list>"] [-j "<acfs_path_list>"]
-d <db_unique_name> Unique name for the database
-o <oracle_home> ORACLE_HOME path
-c <type> Type of database: RAC One Node, RAC, or Single Instance
-e <server_list> Candidate server list for RAC One Node database
-i <inst_name> Instance name prefix for administrator-managed RAC One Node database (default first 12 characters of <db_unique_name>)
-w <timeout> Online relocation timeout in minutes
-x <node_name> Node name. -x option is specified for single-instance databases
-m <domain> Domain for database. Must be set if database has DB_DOMAIN set.
-p <spfile> Server parameter file path
-r <role> Role of the database (primary, physical_standby, logical_standby, snapshot_standby)
-s <start_options> Startup options for the database. Examples of startup options are OPEN, MOUNT, or 'READ ONLY'.
-t <stop_options> Stop options for the database. Examples of shutdown options are NORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL, IMMEDIATE, or ABORT.
-n <db_name> Database name (DB_NAME), if different from the unique name given by the -d option
-y <dbpolicy> Management policy for the database (AUTOMATIC, MANUAL, or NORESTART)
-g "<serverpool_list>" Comma separated list of database server pool names
-a "<diskgroup_list>" Comma separated list of disk groups
-j "<acfs_path_list>" Comma separated list of ACFS paths where database's dependency will be set
-h Print usage
最后查看備庫資源狀態：
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac1
OFFLINE OFFLINE jystdrac2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.jystdrac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2
ora.mynas.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac2 Open
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE jystdrac1
[grid@jystdrac1 ~]$
確認開啟ADG實時應用：
SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
--------- ---------------- --------------------
JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY
JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
--------- ---------------- --------------------
JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY
JYZHAO PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> set lines 1000
SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats;
NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME
-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25 08/10/2017 12:40:22
apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25 08/10/2017 12:40:22
apply finish time day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 12:40:25
estimated startup time 30 second 08/10/2017 12:40:25
SQL> /
NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME
-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04 08/10/2017 12:43:03
apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04 08/10/2017 12:43:03
apply finish time +00 00:00:00.000 day(2) to second(3) interval 08/10/2017 12:43:04
estimated startup time 30 second 08/10/2017 12:43:04