【Oracle RAC+DG實驗】Oracle RAC+ASM+DataGuard配置實驗記錄+常見問題
1、環境規划：
---RAC環境介紹(primary database)
rac1 rac2
______________________________________________________
public ip 192.168.110.11 192.168.110.12
______________________________________________________
virtual ip 192.168.110.21 192.168.110.22
_____________________________________________________
instance racdb1 racdb2
______________________________________________________
db_name racdb
_______________________________________________________
storage mode ASM
__________________________________________________
---單機環境介紹（standby database）
數據文件可放至本地， 也可以放至ASM上，本實驗中先放至本地實驗
__________________________________________________________________________
ip 192.168.110.11 192.168.110.12
___________________________________________________________________________
instance 192.168.110.13(rac3)
___________________________________________________________________________
storage mode /oradata/racdb
___________________________________________________________________________
----hosts文件
#Public Network - (eth0)
192.168.110.11 rac1
192.168.110.12 rac2
192.168.110.13 rac3
#Private Interconnect - (eth1)
10.10.10.11 rac1priv
10.10.10.12 rac2priv
#Public Virtual IP (VIP) addresses - (eth0)
192.168.110.21 rac1vip
192.168.110.22 rac2vip
--檢查環境
１）、啟動archivelog歸檔模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 54
Next log sequence to archive 56
Current log sequence 56
SQL> show parameter RECOVERY
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string +DG_RECOVERY
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 2G
recovery_parallelism integer 0
２）、啟動FORCE_LOGGING模式
SQL> alter database FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.
SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
2、首先配置兩個數據庫的tnsnames.ora和listener.ora
tnsnames.ora(兩台主機相同)
racdb_rac1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.21)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb_s)
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb1)
)
)
racdb_rac2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.22)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb_s)
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb2)
)
)
racdb_standby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.13)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
)
)
standby主機上的listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = racdb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = racdb)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.110.13)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
3、准備參數文件
RAC環境下的參數變化增加如下：
RAC主庫:（注意使用ASM的時候，不要改變db_unique_name參數，否則之后創建的asm文件就會放入至新的db_unique_name目錄下面，導致DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT失效。）
#add below parameter for standy database
*.service_names=racdb_s
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb,racdb_standby)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb_standby LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb_standby'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
*.racdb1.fal_client=racdb1
*.racdb2.fal_client=racdb2
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/racdb/datafile','+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/oradata/racdb/tempfile','+DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/racdb/onlinelog','+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog'
單機備庫增加以下：
*.db_name='racdb'
*.db_unique_name='racdb_standby'
*.service_names='racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb_standby,racdb)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2'
fal_client='racdb_standby'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/oradata/racdb/datafile','+DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile','/oradata/racdb/tempfile'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog','/oradata/racdb/onlinelog'*
racdb1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
單機備庫參數如下：
#add below parameter for standy database
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.4'
*.control_files='/oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/cdump'
*.db_block_size=16384
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='racdb'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile','/oradata/racdb/datafile','+DG_DATA/racdb/tempfile','/oradata/racdb/tempfile'
*.db_unique_name='racdb_standby'
fal_client='racdb_standby'
*.FAL_SERVER='racdb1','racdb2'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(racdb_standby,racdb_s)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb_standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=racdb1 LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DG_DATA/racdb/onlinelog','/oradata/racdb/onlinelog'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=89128960
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.service_names='racdb_standby'
*.sga_target=268435456
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
racdb1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
racdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/app/admin/racdb/udump'
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/oradata/arch'
5、在rac上進行備份
rman target /
backup database format '/soft/racdb/racdbfull%u_%s_%p';
RMAN> backup database format '/soft/racdb/racdbfull%u_%s_%p';
Starting backup at 11-JUN-10
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=127 instance=racdb1 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
including current control file in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
input datafile fno=00002 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
input datafile fno=00003 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
input datafile fno=00004 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
input datafile fno=00006 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-JUN-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-JUN-10
piece handle=/soft/racdb/racdbfull0elfvhv4_14_1 tag=TAG20100611T143204 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:38
Finished backup at 11-JUN-10
將備份的文件拷到另一台備機相同目錄下。
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ ls -ls
total 498268
498268 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 509722624 Jun 11 12:10 racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ pwd
/soft/racdb
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ scp racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1 rac3:/soft/racdb/
6、創建standby控制文件
在rac兩個實例上進行幾次歸檔。
alter system archive log current;
創建standby控制文件
alter database create standby controlfile as '/oracle/standby.ctl';
創建spfile並啟動standby至nomount狀態。
startup nomount;
7、利用rman創建standby數據庫
rac1:
rman target / auxiliarysys/sys@racdb_standby
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U' connectsys/6212327@rac1;
allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U' connectsys/6212327@rac2;
allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U';
allocate auxiliary channel ac2 device type disk format '/soft/racdb/%U';
duplicate target database for standby;
過程如下：
[oracle@rac1 racdb]$ rman target / auxiliarysys/sys@racdb_standby
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jun 11 13:41:48 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RACDB (DBID=716783510)
connected to auxiliary database: RACDB (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby;
Starting Duplicate Db at 11-JUN-10
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script.:
{
restore clone standby controlfile;
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 11-JUN-10
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
input filename=/oracle/standby.ctl
output filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.ctl
Finished restore at 11-JUN-10
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
contents of Memory Script.:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803";
set newname for datafile 6 to
"/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf";
restore
check readonly
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789 in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 11-JUN-10
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
restoring datafile 00006 to /oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/racdb/racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/soft/racdb/racdbfull_0clfv9jn_12_1 tag=TAG20100611T120926
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:39
Finished restore at 11-JUN-10
contents of Memory Script.:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=721116136 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=11 stamp=721116137 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=12 stamp=721116137 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=13 stamp=721116137 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=14 stamp=721116137 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=15 stamp=721116137 filename=/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 11-JUN-10
RMAN>
8、檢查standby數據庫
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_1.266.719166749
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_2.267.719166751
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_3.274.719167937
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_4.275.719167939
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group5
/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group6
6 rows selected.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oradata/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
/oradata/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
/oradata/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
/oradata/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
/oradata/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
6 rows selected.
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789
SQL> show parameter control
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string /oradata/racdb/datafile/racdb.
ctl
9、創建standby redo log日志。
創建原則和單實例一樣，大小相等，但日志組數量要比primary數據庫多一組。如之前為6組12個，則現在要創建7組14個。
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_7.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 8 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_8.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 9 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_9.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_10.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 11 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_11.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 12 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_12.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_13.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 14 '/oradata/racdb/onlinelog/group_14.log' size 50M;
10、開始同步
啟動MRP:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
停止MRP:
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
11、在rac各個實例上查看日志傳送情況：
col DEST_NAME format a20
select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
-------------------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 ERROR ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard configuration
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 VALID
錯誤1:
ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard configuration
原因:主庫沒有設置參數log_archive_config
解決方法*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,auxdb)'
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(racdb,racdb_standby)' scope=both;
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
-------------------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 INACTIVE
10 rows selected
---測試看日志是否傳送成功。
主庫：
Sql>alter system switch logfile;
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
備庫：
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
#或者更詳細的：select FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME, APPLIED,SEQUENCE# from v$archived_log order by SEQUENCE#;
SELECT MAX(R.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_RECD, MAX(L.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_SENT FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG R, V$LOG L WHERE R.DEST_ID=2 AND L.ARCHIVED='YES'
SELECT NAME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE THREAD#=1 AND DEST_ID=1 AND SEQUENCE# BETWEEN 85 AND 86;
測試在RAC主庫上創建一個表空間：
CREATE TABLESPACE FMISMAIN
LOGGING
DATAFILE '+dg_data' SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 10M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO;
創建用戶：
CREATE USER "FMISMAIN" PROFILE "DEFAULT"
IDENTIFIED BY "FMISMAIN" DEFAULT TABLESPACE "FMISMAIN"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT DBA TO "FMISMAIN";
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/system.268.719166757
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.269.719166777
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.270.719166783
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.272.719166797
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/users.273.719166803
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/rman_tbs.dbf
+DG_DATA/racdb/datafile/fmismain.287.721410885
SQL> conn fmismain/fmismain
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from xtdw3;
COUNT(*)
----------
30
SQL> select dh from xtdw3;
DH
--------
MAIN
0600
0601
1200
1201
0602
0100
0101
0400
0401
0500
DH
--------
0501
0700
0701
1300
1301
1800
1801
1900
1901
5100
5101
DH
--------
5300
5301
0301
0300
1500
1501
1600
1601
30 rows selected.
在兩個RAC實例上分別手工執行查看結果：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
檢查rac3備庫的日志傳送：
[oracle@rac3 oradata]$ ls -lsR
total 24
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 11 16:15 arch
16 drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle dba 16384 Jun 8 03:21 lost+found
4 drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 8 03:25 racdb
./arch:
total 4888
36 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 36352 Jun 8 07:26 1_76_719166742.dbf
76 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 73728 Jun 8 07:26 1_77_719166742.dbf
152 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 151040 Jun 8 07:26 1_78_719166742.dbf
168 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 165888 Jun 8 07:26 1_79_719166742.dbf
168 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 166400 Jun 8 07:51 1_80_719166742.dbf
148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 144896 Jun 8 07:51 1_81_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Jun 8 07:51 1_82_719166742.dbf
144 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 140288 Jun 8 07:51 1_83_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Jun 8 07:42 1_84_719166742.dbf
72 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 66048 Jun 8 07:47 1_85_719166742.dbf
1464 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1492992 Jun 8 08:25 1_86_719166742.dbf
16 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 13824 Jun 11 16:15 1_87_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jun 11 16:15 1_88_719166742.dbf
24 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 23040 Jun 8 07:27 2_36_719166742.dbf
176 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 175104 Jun 8 07:27 2_37_719166742.dbf
148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 143872 Jun 8 07:27 2_38_719166742.dbf
768 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 778752 Jun 8 07:51 2_39_719166742.dbf
152 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 149504 Jun 8 07:51 2_40_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Jun 8 07:51 2_41_719166742.dbf
140 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 139264 Jun 8 07:43 2_42_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Jun 8 07:42 2_43_719166742.dbf
60 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 54272 Jun 8 07:51 2_44_719166742.dbf
948 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 963584 Jun 11 16:14 2_45_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Jun 11 16:15 2_46_719166742.dbf
4 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jun 11 16:15 2_47_719166742.dbf
./lost+found:
total 0
./racdb:
total 12
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 11 16:14 datafile
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 8 06:55 onlinelog
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 8 08:05 tempfile
./racdb/datafile:
total 1245228
20520 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20987904 Jun 11 16:22 fmismain.287.721410885
15076 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 15417344 Jun 11 16:29 racdb.ctl
51272 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52445184 Jun 11 16:22 rman_tbs.dbf
215272 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 220217344 Jun 11 16:22 sysaux.270.719166783
440772 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 450904064 Jun 11 16:22 system.268.719166757
292148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 298860544 Jun 11 16:22 undotbs1.269.719166777
205020 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209731584 Jun 11 16:22 undotbs2.272.719166797
5148 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5259264 Jun 11 16:22 users.273.719166803
./racdb/onlinelog:
total 717640
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 11 16:29 group_10.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:26 group_11.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group_1.266.719166749
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:47 group_12.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:37 group_13.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:37 group_14.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group_2.267.719166751
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group_3.274.719167937
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group_4.275.719167939
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group5
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 06:55 group6
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 11 16:29 group_7.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:25 group_8.log
51260 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jun 8 07:39 group_9.log
./racdb/tempfile:
total 84
84 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20987904 Jun 8 08:05 temp.271.719166789
在備庫中查看剛才創建的表空間與用戶是否生效。
首先將數據庫啟動到read only模式下：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> !hostname
rac3
SQL>
SQL> conn fmismain/fmismain
Connected.
SQL> show parameter db_unique
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string racdb_standby
SQL>
SQL> select count(*) from xtdw3;
COUNT(*)
----------
30
SQL> select dh from xtdw3;
DH
--------
MAIN
0600
0601
1200
1201
0602
0100
0101
0400
0401
0500
DH
--------
0501
0700
0701
1300
1301
1800
1801
1900
1901
5100
5101
DH
--------
5300
5301
0301
0300
1500
1501
1600
1601
30 rows selected.
12、增加temp文件
---在管理恢復模式下到只讀模式
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
這個時候，可以給數據庫增加臨時數據文件（這個在熱備份的時候是沒有備份過來的）
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/oradata/racdb/tempfile/temp.271.719166789' reset 100M;
--從只讀方式到管理恢復方式
SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
13、少日志的時候，維護故障解決
故障1
由於網絡等原因導致歸檔日志沒有全部傳輸到從庫中，這些需要我們手動干預。
常見因素：從庫關閉、網絡故障、從庫空間不足等。
維護的通常步驟；關閉：先關主庫后關從庫，啟動：先啟動從庫然后啟動主庫。
關於日志傳輸的控制可以通過MANDATORY、REOPEN、MAX_FAILURE來控制
MANDATORY REOPEN=5 MAX_FAILURE=3 每5秒重試一次，最大允許錯誤次數為3次，如果重試3次仍然不能成功，那么主庫的日志傳輸服務就會停止。
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=AUX VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) MANDATORY REOPEN=5 MAX_FAILURE=3 DB_UNIQUE_NAME=auxdb'
1)、查找不在standby的日志。
SQL>
SELECT MAX(R.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_RECD, MAX(L.SEQUENCE#) LAST_SEQ_SENT FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG R, V$LOG L WHERE R.DEST_ID=2 AND L.ARCHIVED='YES';
LAST_SEQ_RECD LAST_SEQ_SENT
------------- -------------
7 10
2)、查找primary的所在路徑
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE THREAD#=1 AND DEST_ID=1 AND SEQUENCE# BETWEEN 5 AND 10;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_7.arc
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_8.arc
/primary/thread1_dest/arcr_1_9.arc
3)、將日志copy到standby的STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST下，將STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST的日志copy到 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST下
4)、
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER AUTOMATIC STANDBY DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
至此恢復成功。
故障2：
歸檔日志之間經常產生gap
1)、確認歸檔日志之間有無遺漏
SQL> SELECT THREAD#, LOW_SEQUENCE#, HIGH_SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1 90 92
2)、將遺漏的歸檔日志copy到備庫的standby_archive_dest下
然后對其分別注冊
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
3)、恢復歸檔日志
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE;
4)、然后就可以按切換步驟進行切換了。
14、 參數說明
COMPATIBLE='10.2.0.1.0':數據庫版本號，主庫與從庫要統一，否則有可能redo的數據不能從主庫傳送到從庫。
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=主庫數據文件地址，從庫數據文件地址:用於主從庫在同一台機器上或主從庫數據文件的路徑不一致的情況下
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=:數據庫的唯一名稱。推薦使用，如果使用了LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG，那么就必須有改參數。
FAL_CLIENT=，指向從庫的服務名，本例為aux
FAL_SERVER 指向主庫的服務名，本例為orcl
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(主庫的db_unique_name,從庫的db_unique_name)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n:日志歸檔的地址，最少需要兩個，一個指向主庫，另一個指向從庫
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n ={ENABLE|DEFER|ALTERNATE|RESET} 指定:enable or disable來決定是否傳輸redo的數據到從庫中。
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT:同DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST:指定路徑存放接收從主庫傳輸過來的歸檔日志。
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT={AUTO|MANUAL} :AUTO當主庫添加或減少數據文件時會自動同步從庫而不需要手動干預。
15、 經常遇到錯誤
錯誤1:
ORA-16057: DGID from server not in Data Guard configuration
原因:主庫沒有設置參數log_archive_config
解決方法*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,auxdb)'
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,auxdb)' scope=both;
錯誤2:
PING[ARC0]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'aux'. Error is 1031.
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
解決問題思路:1、檢查sys密碼是否正確，大部分是這個原因。
錯誤3:Oracle用戶有寫standby_archive_dest的權限
ORA-16025: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 contains repeated or conflicting attributes
出現該錯誤的原因是LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
db_unique_name前少了一個空格導致的
16、日常管理
（1） 啟動到管理模式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
（2）啟動到只讀方式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database open read only;
（3）在管理恢復模式下到只讀模式
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
這個時候，可以給數據庫增加臨時數據文件（這個在熱備份的時候是沒有備份過來的）
如
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/oracle/oradata/ddd/temp01.dbf' size 100M;
（4）從只讀方式到管理恢復方式
SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
（5）打開備庫
＃sqlplus /nolog
Sql> connsys/sys@standbyas sysdba;
Sql> startup mount;
Sql> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
如果要取消恢復：alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
（5）打開主庫
# sqlplus /nolog
Sql> connsys/sys@primaryas sysdba;
Sql> startup;
（6）測試是否ＯＫ
主庫：
Sql>alter system switch logfile;
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
備庫：
Sql> select max(SEQUENCE#) from v$archived_log;
#或者更詳細的：select FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME, APPLIED,SEQUENCE# from v$archived_log order by SEQUENCE#;
17 角色轉換（switchover）
注意：Swithover時只能先從Primary切到Standby，再從Standby切到Primary.啟動備庫，再啟動主庫，先停主庫再停備庫。
主庫：
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
alter database mount standby database;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
select OPEN_MODE, PROTECTION_MODE, ACTIVATION#,DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER# ,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE ACTIVATION# DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER# SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------- -------------------- ----------- ---------------- ----------- --------------------
MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE 0 PHYSICAL STANDBY 0 SESSIONS ACTIVE
備庫：
SQL>
select OPEN_MODE, PROTECTION_MODE, ACTIVATION#,DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER# ,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE ACTIVATION# DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER# SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------- - ------------------- ----------- ---------------- ----------- --------------------
MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE 0 PHYSICAL STANDBY 0 TO PRIMARY
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical primary with session shutdown;
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
Database altered.
角色轉換工作完成。剩下的是補救措施(針對原primary 數據庫)，由於此時primary 數據庫已經不再是
data guard 配置的一部分，我們需要做的就是嘗試看看能否恢復原primary 數據庫，將其改造為新的standby
服務器。具體操作方式可以分為二類：1.重建2.備份恢復。所涉及的技術前面的系列文章中均有涉及，此
處不再贅述。
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16416: Switchover target is not synchronized with the primary
更簡單的方式就是重新從主庫創建一個備用控制文件，就可以啟動了。
3.1 准備備機備庫日志(在原先的主庫，即現在的備庫上操作)
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 8 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 9 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 11size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 12 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 14 size 50M;
3.2 准備主庫和備庫的參數文件
准備主庫和備庫的參數文件，最好就是將兩個數據庫的參數文件互換，在兩台機器上同時保留主庫和備庫的參數文件,同時更換兩台機的tnsnames.ora文件primary和standby相關ip。
3.3 查看狀態
SQL>select OPEN_MODE, PROTECTION_MODE, ACTIVATION#,DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER# ,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
狀態如果是to standby或者to primary，則可以轉換。如果是session active.則有會話沒有斷開。
詳見三思筆記。
3.4 從primary 切換到standby
SQL> connsys/sys@primaryas sysdba;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
SQL> shutdown
SQL> create spfile from pfile= C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\fmis\pfile\init.standby;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
SQL> startup mount;
檢查狀態和日志傳輸，同步情況。
3.5 啟動新備庫端的Listener (port=1522)
[oracle@host160 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@host160 admin]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER1
3.6 從standby 切換到primary
SQL> connsys/sys@standby as sysdba;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL> shutdown
SQL> create spfile from pfile= C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\fmis\pfile\init.primary;
SQL> startup
檢查狀態和日志傳輸，同步情況。
3.7 啟動新主庫端的Listener (port=1522)
[oracle@host161 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@host161 admin]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER1
3.8 日志文件丟失注冊
如果主備數據庫日志丟失，可以把備用日志文件復制過來，或者重新注冊。
alter database register logfile 'filename'
18、Data Guard數據庫模式的轉換
將一個data guard配置從最高性能模式改為最高可用性模式
切換時：RAC環境，切換時primary和standby 都只能有一個instance活動，其它的instance必須關閉。
關閉第二個rac實例：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac2 ~]$