[Python] 動態函數調用(通過函數名)


2018-04-09 update

利用python中的內置函數 eval() ,函數說明:

def eval(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    """
    Evaluate the given source in the context of globals and locals.
    
    The source may be a string representing a Python expression
    or a code object as returned by compile().
    The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
    defaulting to the current globals and locals.
    If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
    """
    pass

 

樣例1:

def function2(name, age):
    print("name: %s, age: %s" % (name, age))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eval("function2")("Alice", 11) # 或者:
    args = ["Alice", 11]
    kwargs = {}
    eval("function2")(*args, **kwargs) """
    輸出結果都是:
    name: Alice, age: 11
    """

 

樣例2:

class Test(object):
    states = [u"大於等於零", u"大於等於二"]
    state2function = {u"大於等於零": "check_gt0", u"大於等於二": "check_gt2"}

    @staticmethod
    def check_gt0(x):
        return x >= 0

    @staticmethod
    def check_gt2(x):
        return x >= 2

    def predict(self, x):
        for state in Test.states:
            check_ans = eval("Test." + Test.state2function[state])(x)  # 調用Test類中的方法
            print(state, Test.state2function[state], x, check_ans)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = Test()
    test.predict(x=-1)
    test.predict(x=1)
    test.predict(x=2)

    """
    輸出:
    大於等於零 check_gt0 -1 False
    大於等於二 check_gt2 -1 False
    大於等於零 check_gt0 1 True
    大於等於二 check_gt2 1 False
    大於等於零 check_gt0 2 True
    大於等於二 check_gt2 2 True
    """

 

*************************************************************************************************************************************************************

2017-08-09 

由字符串函數名得到對應的函數

把函數作為參數的用法比較直觀:

def func(a, b):
    return a + b

def test(f, a, b):    
    print f(a, b)

test(func, 3, 5)

 

但有些情況下,‘要傳遞哪個函數’這個問題事先還不確定,例如函數名與某變量有關。可以利用 func = globals().get(func_name) 來得到函數:

def func_year(s):
    print 'func_year:', s
    
def func_month(s):
    print 'func_month:', s  

strs = ['year', 'month']
for s in strs:
    globals().get('func_%s' % s)(s)
"""
輸出:
func_year: year
func_month: month
"""

 

參考:https://blog.csdn.net/lifestxx/article/details/78757345


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