Android基站定位

Android基站定位

一、通過手機信號獲取基站信息

通過TelephonyManager 獲取lac:mcc:mnc:cell-id（基站信息）的解釋：

MCC。Mobile Country Code，移動國家代碼（中國的為460）；

MNC，Mobile Network Code，移動網絡號碼（中國移動為0。中國聯通為1，中國電信為2）；

LAC，Location Area Code，位置欄碼。

CID，Cell Identity，基站編號。

BSSS，Base station signal strength，基站信號強度。

詳細實現代碼例如以下：

package com.easipass.test;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.NeighboringCellInfo;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.telephony.cdma.CdmaCellLocation;
import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
/**
 * 功能描寫敘述：通過手機信號獲取基站信息
 * # 通過TelephonyManager 獲取lac:mcc:mnc:cell-id
 * # MCC，Mobile Country Code，移動國家代碼（中國的為460）；
 * # MNC，Mobile Network Code，移動網絡號碼（中國移動為0。中國聯通為1，中國電信為2）； 
 * # LAC。Location Area Code，位置欄碼；
 * # CID，Cell Identity，基站編號；
 * # BSSS，Base station signal strength，基站信號強度。

 * @author android_ls
 */
public class GSMCellLocationActivity extends Activity {
    private static final String TAG = "GSMCellLocationActivity";
    
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        // 獲取基站信息
        findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) 
getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                // 返回值MCC + MNC
                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();
                int mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));
                int mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));
                // 中國移動和中國聯通獲取LAC、CID的方式
                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();
                int lac = location.getLac();
                int cellId = location.getCid();
                Log.i(TAG, " MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cellId);
                // 中國電信獲取LAC、CID的方式
                /*CdmaCellLocation location1 = (CdmaCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();
                lac = location1.getNetworkId();
                cellId = location1.getBaseStationId();
                cellId /= 16;*/
                
                // 獲取鄰區基站信息
                List<NeighboringCellInfo> infos = mTelephonyManager.getNeighboringCellInfo();
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("總數 : " + infos.size() + "\n");
                for (NeighboringCellInfo info1 : infos) { // 依據鄰區總數進行循環
                    sb.append(" LAC : " + info1.getLac()); // 取出當前鄰區的LAC
                    sb.append(" CID : " + info1.getCid()); // 取出當前鄰區的CID
                    sb.append(" BSSS : " + (-113 + 2 * info1.getRssi()) + "\n"); // 獲取鄰區基站信號強度
                }
                Log.i(TAG, " 獲取鄰區基站信息:" + sb.toString());
            }
        });
    }
}

在AndroidManifest.xml加入獲取位置信息的權限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

點擊“獲取基站信息”的button后。Logcat的日志輸出例如以下：

1、中國聯通：

2、中國移動：

一、通過手機信號獲取基站信息-單基站定位

 TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                // 返回值MCC + MNC
                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();
                mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));
                mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));
                // 中國移動和中國聯通獲取LAC、CID的方式
                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();
                lac = location.getLac();
                cid = location.getCid();
                Log.i(TAG, "MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cid);

二、調用第三方公開的API（依據基站信息查找基站的經緯度值及地址信息）

1、組拼JSON形式的請求參數

 /**
     * 獲取JSON形式的基站信息
     * @param mcc 移動國家代碼（中國的為460）
     * @param mnc 移動網絡號碼（中國移動為0，中國聯通為1，中國電信為2）； 
     * @param lac 位置欄碼
     * @param cid 基站編號
     * @return json
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();
        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");
        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();
        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");
        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");
        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");
        json1.put("age", 0);
        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");
        array.put(json1);
        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);
        return jsonCellPos.toString();
    }

2、通過HTTP協議網絡請求源代碼：

request URL:http://www.minigps.net/minigps/map/google/location
Request Method:POST
Status Code:200 OK
Request Headersview source
Accept:application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Charset:GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Length:191
Content-Type:application/json; charset=UTF-8
Cookie:bdshare_firstime=1356366713546; JSESSIONID=68243935CD3355089CF07A3A22AAB372
Host:www.minigps.net
Origin:http://www.minigps.net
Referer:http://www.minigps.net/map.html
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) 
Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4
X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
Request Payload
{"cell_towers":[{"mobile_network_code":"1","location_area_code":"43018","cell_id":"11152773","age":0,
"mobile_country_code":"460"}],"host":"maps.google.com","version":"1.1.0"}
Response Headersview source
Content-Type:application/json
Date:Sat, 03 Jan 2013 14:03:15 GMT
Server:Apache-Coyote/1.1
Transfer-Encoding:chunked

3、用JAVA代碼詳細實現

 /**
     * 調用第三方公開的API依據基站信息查找基站的經緯度值及地址信息
     */
    public String httpPost(String url, String jsonCellPos) throws IOException{
        byte[] data = jsonCellPos.toString().getBytes();
        URL realUrl = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Referer", "http://www.minigps.net/map.html");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) 
Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");
        DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());
        outStream.write(data);
        outStream.flush();
        outStream.close();
        if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            return new String(read(inputStream));
        }
        return null;
    }

4、讀取返回的JSON數據流代碼：

 /**
     * 讀取IO流並以byte[]形式存儲
     * @param inputSream InputStream
     * @return byte[]
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public byte[] read(InputStream inputSream) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int len = -1;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len = inputSream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        outStream.close();
        inputSream.close();
        return outStream.toByteArray();
    }

三、請求參數及返回結果的JSON形式：

1、請求的JSON參數值：

{
        "cell_towers":
            [
             {
                 "mobile_network_code":"1",
                 "location_area_code":"43018",
                 "cell_id":"11152773",
                 "age":0,
                 "mobile_country_code":"460"
             }
            ],
            "host":"maps.google.com",
            "version":"1.1.0"
        }

2、返回的JSON結果值：

{
     "location":
         {
             "latitude":"31.211389541625977",
             "longitude":"121.60332489013672",
             "address":
                 {"city":
                     "上海市浦東新區居里路432號;浦東新區光啟安老院、第一三共制葯上海公司、SUNPLUS[附近]",
                     "country":"",
                     "country_code":"",
                     "county":"",
                     "postal_code":"",
                     "region":"",
                     "street":"",
                     "street_number":""
                 }
         },
         "access_token":"dummytoken"
    }

四、完整代碼及所需權限：

Java代碼：

{
     "location":
         {
             "latitude":"31.211389541625977",
             "longitude":"121.60332489013672",
             "address":
                 {"city":
                     "上海市浦東新區居里路432號;浦東新區光啟安老院
、第一三共制葯上海公司、SUNPLUS[附近]",
                     "country":"",
                     "country_code":"",
                     "county":"",
                     "postal_code":"",
                     "region":"",
                     "street":"",
                     "street_number":""
                 }
         },
         "access_token":"dummytoken"
    }

在AndroidManifest.xml加入獲取位置信息的權限：

package com.easipass.test;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
/**
 * 功能描寫敘述：單基站定位
 * @author android_ls
 */
public class GSMCellLocationActivity extends Activity {
    private static final String TAG = "GSMCellLocationActivity";
    private int mcc;
    private int mnc;
    private int lac;
    private int cid;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        // 獲取基站信息
        findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) 
    getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
                // 返回值MCC + MNC
                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();
                mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));
                mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));
                // 中國移動和中國聯通獲取LAC、CID的方式
                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();
                lac = location.getLac();
                cid = location.getCid();
                Log.i(TAG, "MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cid);
                new Thread() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            String json = getJsonCellPos(mcc, mnc, lac, cid);
                            Log.i(TAG, "request = " + json);
                            String url = "http://www.minigps.net/minigps/map/google/location";
                            String result = httpPost(url, json);
                            Log.i(TAG, "result = " + result);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }.start();
            }
        });
    }
    /**
     * 調用第三方公開的API依據基站信息查找基站的經緯度值及地址信息
     */
    public String httpPost(String url, String jsonCellPos) throws IOException{
        byte[] data = jsonCellPos.toString().getBytes();
        URL realUrl = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Referer", "http://www.minigps.net/map.html");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome
/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");
        DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());
        outStream.write(data);
        outStream.flush();
        outStream.close();
        if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            return new String(read(inputStream));
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 獲取JSON形式的基站信息
     * @param mcc 移動國家代碼（中國的為460）
     * @param mnc 移動網絡號碼（中國移動為0。中國聯通為1，中國電信為2）； 
     * @param lac 位置欄碼
     * @param cid 基站編號
     * @return json
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();
        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");
        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();
        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");
        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");
        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");
        json1.put("age", 0);
        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");
        array.put(json1);
        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);
        return jsonCellPos.toString();
    }
    /**
     * 讀取IO流並以byte[]形式存儲
     * @param inputSream InputStream
     * @return byte[]
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public byte[] read(InputStream inputSream) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int len = -1;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len = inputSream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        outStream.close();
        inputSream.close();
        return outStream.toByteArray();
    }
}

基站：類似於WIFI熱點，官方解釋，移動通信系統中，連接固定部分與無線部分，並通過空中的無線傳輸與移動台相連的設備。基站即公用移動通信基站是無線電台站的一種形式，是指在一定的無線電覆蓋區中。通過移動通信交換中心，與移動電話終端之間進行信息傳遞的無線電收發信電台。

單基站定位是指：通過手機獲取當前連接到的基站信息。來確定用戶的大概位置（用戶可能在某個基站（手機當前連接的基站）發出的無線電覆蓋區域中）。

三基站或多基站：通過手機獲取附近區域的基站信息（不是用戶當前連接的基站。得到的是一組基站信息）。來確定用戶的大概位置。

獲取鄰區基站信息：

      // 獲取鄰區基站信息
        List<NeighboringCellInfo> infos = mTelephonyManager.getNeighboringCellInfo();
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("總數 : " + infos.size() + "\n");
        for (NeighboringCellInfo info1 : infos) { // 依據鄰區總數進行循環
            sb.append(" LAC : " + info1.getLac()); // 取出當前鄰區的LAC
            sb.append(" CID : " + info1.getCid()); // 取出當前鄰區的CID
            sb.append(" BSSS : " + (-113 + 2 * info1.getRssi()) + "\n"); // 獲取鄰區基站信號強度
        }

注：中國聯通的基本上獲取不到附近的基站，我測的時候使用的是中國移動。

一、探索：

1、我猜想請求參數的Json是這樣組裝的：

   JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("version", "1.1.0");
        json.put("host", "maps.google.com");
        json.put("location_area_code", "6338");
        json.put("mobile_country_code", "460");
        json.put("mobile_network_code", "0");
        json.put("age", 0);
        
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();
        json1.put("cell_id", "62291");
        json1.put("signal_strength", -95);
        array.put(json1);
        
        JSONObject json2 = new JSONObject();
        json2.put("cell_id", "62290");
        json2.put("signal_strength", -101);
        array.put(json2);
        
        json.put("cell_towers", array);

2、組拼好的JSON字符串：

{
    "mobile_network_code":"0",
    "location_area_code":"6338",
    "host":"maps.google.com",
    "cell_towers":
        [
          {
             "signal_strength":-95,
             "cell_id":"62291"
          },
          {
              "signal_strength":-101,
              "cell_id":"62290"
           }
         ],
         "age":0,
         "mobile_country_code":"460",
         "version":"1.1.0"
 }

3、通過HTTP請求返回的JSON形式結果：

{
    "location":
        {
            "latitude":"0.0",
            "longitude":"0.0",
            "address":
            {
                "city":"基站信息不存在。請從手機上讀取正確的基站信息。",
                "country":"",
                "country_code":""
                ,"county":"",
                "postal_code":"",
                "region":"",
                "street":"",
                "street_number":""
             }
         },
         "access_token":"dummytoken"
   }

二、可行的方式：

1、通過單個附近的基站信息定位：

組裝參數：

 /**
     * 獲取JSON形式的基站信息
     * @param mcc 移動國家代碼（中國的為460）
     * @param mnc 移動網絡號碼（中國移動為0。中國聯通為1。中國電信為2）； 
     * @param lac 位置欄碼
     * @param cid 基站編號
     * @param bsss 基站信號強度
     * @return json
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid, int bsss) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();
        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");
        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();
        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");
        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");
        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");
        json1.put("age", 0);
        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");
        json1.put("signal_strength", bsss);
        array.put(json1);
        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);
        return jsonCellPos.toString();
    }

請求的JSON字符串：

 {
            "cell_towers":
                [
                 {
                     "mobile_network_code":"0",
                     "location_area_code":"6338",
                     "cell_id":"62291",
                     "signal_strength":-95,
                     "age":0,
                     "mobile_country_code":"460"
                  }
                 ],
             "host":"maps.google.com",
             "version":"1.1.0"
          }

返回JSON形式結果：

 {
            "location":
            {
           &nbsp
;    "latitude":"31.214667405",
            
    "longitude":"121.59903152499999",
           &nbs
p;    "address":
            
    {
           &nbsp
;        "city":"
上海市浦東新區郭守敬路;上海奧威科技開發公司、
科威國際技術轉移中心公司、張江高科技園區熱力中心[附近]",
            
        "country":"",
            
        "country_code":"",
            &nbsp
;       "county":"",
            &nbsp
;       "postal_code":"",
             
       "region":"",
              
      "street":"",
             
       "street_number":""
           
     }
           },
           "access_token":"dummytoken"
        }

2、通過多個附近的基站信息定位：

重新猜想：

請求JSON：

{
            "cell_towers":
                [
                 {
                     "mobile_network_code":"0",
                     "location_area_code":"6338",
                     "cell_id":"62291",
                     "signal_strength":-95,
                     "age":0,
                     "mobile_country_code":"460"
                 },
                 {
                     "mobile_network_code":"0",
                     "location_area_code":"6338",
                     "cell_id":"62290",
                     "signal_strength":-101,
                     "age":1,
                     "mobile_country_code":"460"
                  }
                 ],
                 "host":"maps.google.com",
                 "version":"1.1.0"
         }

返回JSON：

{
            "location":
            {
                "latitude":"31.21485922285714",
                "longitude":"121.59990774285711",
                "address":
                {
                    "city":"上海市浦東新區郭守敬路276號;上海奧威科技開發公司、科威國際技術轉移中心公司、
張江高科技園區熱力中心[附近]",
                    "country":"",
                    "country_code":"",
                    "county":"",
                    "postal_code":"",
                    "region":"",
                    "street":"",
                    "street_number":""
                 }
            },
            "access_token":"dummytoken"
        }

結論：第三方server端可能有限制，每次僅僅接受JSONArray中的第一個元素。假設要想一次性查找附近多個基站的經緯度及所在的地址。就僅僅能編寫for循環，一次一次的訪問第三方的server。

3、個人觀點：所謂的三點定位或多點定位，僅僅是讓想知道用戶當前位置的人多了一個選擇而已。三點定位得到的是三個點，並不是是一個比較准確的點。

4、補充： 基站在線定位查詢連接： http://www.gpsspg.com/bs.htm