圖片相似性 d-hash算法 C#實踐

參考：

https://github.com/maccman/dhash

http://blog.iconfinder.com/detecting-duplicate-images-using-python/ 講的很詳細

http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/432-Looks-Like-It.html 各種圖片相似性算法比較

namespace PictureSimilarity
{
    public class ImageDHash
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取圖片的D-hash值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="image"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static ulong GetHash(Image image)
        {
            int hashSize = 8;
            //圖片縮小到9*8的尺寸
            var thumbImage = Resize(image, hashSize + 1, hashSize);
            //獲取灰度圖片，灰度圖片即把rgb轉換成0~255的值
            var grayImage = GetGrayScaleVersion(thumbImage);

            ulong hash = 0;

            //遍歷9*8像素點，記錄相鄰像素之間的對邊關系，產生8*8=64個對比關系，對應ulong的64位
            for (int x = 0; x < hashSize; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < hashSize; y++)
                {
                    //比較當前像素點與下一個像素點的對比關系，如果當前像素點值較大則為1，否則為0
                    var largerThanNext = Math.Abs(grayImage.GetPixel(y, x).R) > Math.Abs(grayImage.GetPixel(y + 1, x).R);
                    if (largerThanNext)
                    {
                        var currentIndex = x * hashSize + y;
                        hash |= (1UL << currentIndex);
                    }
                    
                }
            }

            return hash;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 計算兩個hash值之間的漢明距離
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hash1"></param>
        /// <param name="hash2"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static double GetSimilarity(ulong hash1, ulong hash2)
        {
            return (64 - BitCount(hash1 ^ hash2)) / 64.0;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Bitcounts array used for BitCount method (used in Similarity comparisons).
        /// Don't try to read this or understand it, I certainly don't. Credit goes to
        /// David Oftedal of the University of Oslo, Norway for this. 
        /// http://folk.uio.no/davidjo/computing.php
        /// </summary>
        private static byte[] bitCounts = {
            0,1,1,2,1,2,2,3,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,
            2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,
            2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,
            4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,
            2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,
            3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,
            4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,5,6,6,7,6,7,7,8
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 計算ulong中位值為1的個數
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="num"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static uint BitCount(ulong num)
        {
            uint count = 0;
            for (; num > 0; num >>= 8)
                count += bitCounts[(num & 0xff)];
            return count;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 修改圖片尺寸
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="originalImage"></param>
        /// <param name="newWidth"></param>
        /// <param name="newHeight"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Image Resize(Image originalImage, int newWidth, int newHeight)
        {
            Image smallVersion = new Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight);
            using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(smallVersion))
            {
                g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
                g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
                g.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
                g.DrawImage(originalImage, 0, 0, newWidth, newHeight);
            }

            return smallVersion;
        }

        private static ColorMatrix ColorMatrix = new ColorMatrix(
          new float[][]
          {
             new float[] {.3f, .3f, .3f, 0, 0},
             new float[] {.59f, .59f, .59f, 0, 0},
             new float[] {.11f, .11f, .11f, 0, 0},
             new float[] {0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
             new float[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
          });

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取灰度圖片
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="original"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Bitmap GetGrayScaleVersion(Image original)
        {
            //http://www.switchonthecode.com/tutorials/csharp-tutorial-convert-a-color-image-to-grayscale
            //create a blank bitmap the same size as original
            Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(original.Width, original.Height);

            //get a graphics object from the new image
            using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(newBitmap))
            {
                //create some image attributes
                ImageAttributes attributes = new ImageAttributes();

                //set the color matrix attribute
                attributes.SetColorMatrix(ColorMatrix);

                //draw the original image on the new image
                //using the grayscale color matrix
                g.DrawImage(original, new Rectangle(0, 0, original.Width, original.Height),
                   0, 0, original.Width, original.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attributes);
            }
            return newBitmap;
        }
    }
}