記錄Nmap選項及腳本使用,僅供參考...
除了端口掃描,好像其它腳本都比較雞肋,用途感覺應該沒有專用的小工具好用,不過還是可以看看,選項和腳本還是相當的豐富的。
Nmap 使用幫助

starnight:~ starnight$ nmap Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} TARGET SPECIFICATION: Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc. Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254 -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file HOST DISCOVERY: -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host SCAN TECHNIQUES: -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans -sU: UDP Scan -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans -sO: IP protocol scan -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER: -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9 --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio> SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes) --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2) --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9) --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging) SCRIPT SCAN: -sC: equivalent to --script=default --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file --script-trace: Show all data sent and received --script-updatedb: Update the script database. --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts. <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or script-categories. OS DETECTION: -O: Enable OS detection --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds), 's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m). -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster) --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies probe round trip time. --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions. --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU) -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address -e <iface>: Use specified interface -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum OUTPUT: -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3, and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename. -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect) -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect) --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging) --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output MISC: -6: Enable IPv6 scanning -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges -V: Print version number -h: Print this help summary page. EXAMPLES: nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80 SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
具體使用如下:
1、 -A : 全面掃描/綜合掃描 [-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute]
2、 Nmap TCP/IP協議棧指紋
測試 | 描述 |
T1 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag = SYN)到開放TCP端口 |
T2 | 發送一個空的TCP數據包到開放TCP端口 |
T3 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag=SYN,URG,PSH,FIN)到開放端口 |
T4 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag=ACK)到開放TCP端口 |
T5 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag=SYN)到關閉的TCP端口 |
T6 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag=ACK)到關閉TCP端口 |
T7 | 發送TCP數據包(Flag=URG,PSH,PSH,FIN)到關閉的TCP端口 |
3、--packet-trace : 查看交互的數據包
選項 | 解釋 |
-sP | ping 掃描 [探測主機存活,不容易被發現] |
-P0 | 無ping掃描[用於防火牆禁止ping的情況下,可以穿透防火牆,避免被防火牆發現] |
-PS | TCP SYN Ping掃描[通過SYN/ACK和RST相應來對目標主機是否存活進行判斷] |
-PA | TCP ACK Ping掃描 |
-PU | UDP Ping掃描[發送一個空的UDP報文到指定端口,默認40125, 如果目標主機響應則返回一個ICMP端口不可達錯誤,如果目標主機不是存活狀態則會返回各種ICMP錯誤信息] |
-PE;-PP;-PM | ICMP Ping Type掃描 |
-PR | ARP Ping掃描[內網使用] |
-sL | 列表掃描 |
-n | 禁止DNS反向解析[較少使用] |
-R | 反向解析域名[] |
--system-dns | 使用系統域名解析器 |
-6 | 掃描IPv6地址 |
--traceroute | 路由跟蹤 |
-PY | SCTP INIT Ping 掃描 |
4、時序選項 -T (0-5)
-T0(偏執的):非常慢的掃描,用於IDS逃避。
-T1(鬼祟的):緩慢的掃描,用於IDS逃避。
-T2(文雅的):降低速度以降低對帶寬的消耗,此選項一般不常用。
-T3(普通的):默認,根據目標的反應自動調整時間。
-T4(野蠻的):快速掃描,常用掃描方式,需要在很好的網絡環境下進行掃描,請求可能會淹沒目標。【在帶寬允許的情況下,一般可以使用-T4進行掃描】
-T5(瘋狂的):急速掃描,這種掃描方式以犧牲准確度來提升掃描速度。
5、
-sI: 空閑掃描, 允許進行端口完全欺騙掃描 nmap -sI www.0day.co:80 192.168.1.205 [並未成功]
-sO:IP協議掃描
選項 | 解釋 |
-p | -F | 常用的掃描方式[-p指定端口 | -F 執行快速掃描] |
-sS | TCP SYN掃描[半開放掃描,掃描速度高且隱蔽性好] |
-sT | TCP 連接掃描[最基礎、最穩定的掃描方式] |
-sU | UDP端口掃描 |
-sN;-sF;-sX | 隱蔽掃描 -sN:Null掃描 ,-sF:FIN掃描,穿透效果好,-sX:Xmas掃描 |
-sA | TCP ACK掃描 |
-sW | TCP 窗口掃描 |
-sM | TCP Maimon掃描 |
--scanflags | 自定義TCP掃描[只要是URG、ACK、PSH、RST、SYN、FIN的任何組合都可以] |
6、指紋識別與探測
選項 | 解釋 |
-sV | 版本探測 |
--allports | 全端口版本探測,掃描全部端口,除了TCP 9100 |
--version-intensity | 設置掃描強度 (0~9,默認7) |
--version-light | 輕量級掃描 |
--version-all | 重量級掃描 |
--version-trace | 獲取詳細版本信息 |
-sR | RPC掃描[用於確認是否是RPC端口] |
-O | 啟用操作系統探測 |
--osscan-limit | 對指定的目標系統進行操作系統探測 |
--osscan-guess; --fuzzy | 推薦系統識別 |
7、定時選項
選項 | 解釋 |
--min-hostgroup | 調整並行掃描組的大小 |
--min-parallelism --max-parallelism |
調整探測報文的並行度 |
--min-rtt-timeout --max-rtt-timeout --initial-rtt-timeout |
調整探測報文超時 |
--host-timeout | 放棄低俗目標機器 |
--scan-delay --max-scan-delay |
調整探測報文的時間間隔 |
8、防火牆/IDS逃逸
選項 | 解釋 |
-f | 報文分段[一些主機會禁止ICMP請求,可以使用報文分段的方法來逃避目標防火牆的規則] |
--mtu | 指定偏移大小[偏移量為8的整數倍,用來逃逸防火牆/IDS] |
-D nmap -D [decoy1, decoy2...|RND:number][destination] |
IP欺騙 nmap -D RND:11 192.168.1.111 [隨機構造11個IP對目標進行掃描] |
-sI | 源地址欺騙 |
--source-port | 源端口欺騙 |
--data-length | 指定發包長度[通常TCP包是40字節,ICMP Echo 28字節,可以指定附加隨機數據來達到規避防火牆的目的] |
--randomize-hosts | 目標主機隨機排序[ 配合時間選項使用更好 ] |
--spoof-mac | MAC地址欺騙 [0:隨機生成一個MAC地址、MAC Address:指定一個MAC地址、Vendor Name:從指定廠商生成一個MAC地址] |
9、信息收集: 腳本在 kali : /usr/share/nmap/scripts
腳本 | 解釋 |
--script ip-geolocation-* | IP信息收集 |
whois-domain / whois-ip | WHOIS查詢 |
http-email-harvest [not found] | 收集E-mail信息 |
hostmap-ip2hosts | IP反查 |
dns-brute | DNS信息收集 [默認五個線程] nmap --script dns-brute dns-brute.threads=10 www.xxx.com |
membase-http-info | 檢索系統信息 |
smb-security-mode | 后台打印機服務漏洞 |
http-stored-xss | 掃描web漏洞 |
snmp-win32-services | 通過snmp列舉Windows服務/賬戶 |
dns-brute | 枚舉DNS服務器的主機名 nmap --script dns-brute --script-args dns-brute.domain=baidu.com |
http-headers/http-sitemap-generator | HTTP信息收集 |
ssl-enum-ciphers | 枚舉SSL密鑰 |
ssh-hostkey | SSH服務密鑰信息探測 |
10、 數據庫滲透測試
腳本 | 解釋 |
mysql-databases | MySQL列舉數據庫 nmap -p3306 --script mysql-databases --script-args mysqluser=root,mysqlpass= 192.168.1.110 |
mysql-variables | 列舉MySQL變量[好像並未成功] |
mysql-empty-password | 檢查MySQL空密碼 |
mysql-brute | 審計MySQL密碼 mysql -p3306 --script=mysql-brute 192.168.1.110 nmap -p3306 --script=mysql-brute userdb=/root/user.txt passdb=/root/pass.txt 192.168.1.110 |
mysql-audit | 設計MySQL安全配置[未成功] |
oracle-brute | 審計Oracle密碼[未測試] |
ms-sql-brute | 設計MSSQL密碼[未測試] |
ms-sql-empty-password | 檢查MSSQL密碼[未測試] |
ms-sql-tables | 讀取MSSQL數據[未測試] |
ms-sql-xp-cmdshell | MSSQL執行系統命令[未測試] |
pgsql-brute | 設計postgresql密碼[未測試] |
11、滲透測試
腳本 | 解釋 |
http-brute | 審計HTTP身份驗證 |
ftp-brute | 審計FTP服務器 |
http-wordpress-brute | 審計WordPress程序 |
http-joomla-brute | 審計Joomla程序 |
pop3-brute | 設計郵件服務器 |
smb-brute | 審計SMB口令 |
vns-brute | 審計VNC服務器 |
smtp-brute smtp-enum-users |
審計SMTP服務器 |
stuxnet-detect | 檢測Stuxnet蠕蟲 |
snmp-netstat snmp-process snmp-win32-services snmp-brute |
SNMP服務安全審計 |
12、--iflist : 列舉接口和路由
13、-oG : 繼續終端掃描
nmap -oG 1.txt -v 192.168.1.110
nmap --resume 1.txt
14、firewalk : 探測防火牆
nmap --script=firewalk --traceroute 192.168.1.110
15、-oN 標准格式保存掃描結果
nmap -oN 1.txt 192.168.1.110