1. 使用$SPARK_HOME/sbin/下的pyspark啟動時，報錯Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/joy/spark/spark/python/pyspark/shell.py", line 28, in
import py4j zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
首先按照搜索結果使用 yum install -y zlib* 安裝了欠缺的包，但是仍報錯，后使用sudo命令執行./pyspark即可正常執行。目前必須使用sudo命令才能正常執行，可能與環境設置有關，待解決——因為使用sudo命令安裝，所以文件的所有者為root，chown更改所有者。
但是這樣必須使用sudo安裝pip，為了一勞永逸，重新編譯python
http://blog.csdn.net/woszsj/article/details/16848871
解決方法：
1、安裝依賴zlib、zlib-devel
2、重新編譯安裝Python
./configure
編輯Modules/Setup文件
找到下面這句，去掉注釋
zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz
重新編譯安裝：make & make install
編譯后報錯仍有部分模塊未編譯成功
Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb _curses _curses_panel
_sqlite3 _ssl _tkinter
bsddb185 bz2 dbm
dl gdbm imageop
參考
http://blog.csdn.net/huanle0610/article/details/41174943
無論報錯信息如何，意思很明確，我們編譯的時候，系統沒有辦法找到對應的模塊信息，為了解決這些報錯，我們就需要提前安裝依賴包，這些依賴包對應列表如下（不一定完全）：
| 模塊 | 依賴 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| _bsddb | bsddb | Interface to Berkeley DB library。Berkeley數據庫的接口.bsddb is deprecated since 2.6. The ideal is to use the bsddb3 module. |
| _curses | ncurses | Terminal handling for character-cell displays。 |
| _curses_panel | ncurses | A panel stack extension for curses。 |
| _sqlite3 | sqlite | DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases。SqlLite，CentOS可以安裝sqlite-devel |
| _ssl | openssl-devel.i686 | TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects。 |
| _tkinter | N/A | a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk。如果不使用桌面程序可以忽略TKinter |
| bsddb185 | old bsddb module | 老的bsddb模塊，可忽略。 |
| bz2 | bzip2-devel.i686 | Compression compatible with bzip2。bzip2-devel |
| dbm | bsddb | Simple “database” interface。 |
| dl | N/A | Call C functions in shared objects.Python2.6開始，已經棄用。 |
| gdbm | gdbm-devel.i686 | GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm |
| imageop | N/A | Manipulate raw image data。已經棄用。 |
| readline | readline-devel | GNU readline interface |
| sunaudiodev | N/A | Access to Sun audio hardware。這個是針對Sun平台的，CentOS下可以忽略 |
| zlib | Zlib | Compression compatible with gzip |
在CentOS下，可以安裝這些依賴包：readline-devel，sqlite-devel，bzip2-devel.i686，openssl-devel.i686，gdbm-devel.i686，libdbi-devel.i686，ncurses-libs，zlib-devel.i686。完成這些安裝之后，可以再次編譯，上表中指定為棄用或者忽略的模塊錯誤可以忽略。
在編譯完成之后，就可以接着上面的第六步安裝Python到指定目錄下。安裝完成之后，我們可以到安裝目錄下查看Python是否正常安裝。
3. SparkSQL准備
參考文章：http://www.2cto.com/database/201504/392307.html
首先呢，看使用HiveContext都需要哪些要求，這里參考了這篇文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/byrhuangqiang/p/4012087.html
文章中有這么三個要求：
1、檢查$SPARK_HOME/lib目錄下是否有datanucleus-api-jdo-3.2.1.jar、datanucleus-rdbms-3.2.1.jar
、datanucleus-core-3.2.2.jar 這幾個jar包。
2、檢查$SPARK_HOME/conf目錄下是否有從$HIVE_HOME/conf目錄下拷貝過來的hive-site.xml。
3、提交程序的時候將數據庫驅動程序的jar包指定到DriverClassPath，如bin/spark-submit --driver-class-path *.jar。或者在spark-env.sh中設置SPARK_CLASSPATH。
參考文章，將$HIVE_HOME/lib下以datanucleus開頭的幾個jar包復制到$SPARK_HOME/lib下；$HIVE_HOME/conf下的hive-site.xml 復制到 $SPARK_HOME/conf下；將$HIVE_HOME/lib 下的mysql-connector復制到$SPARK_HOME/jars下，
2. 啟動spark-shell時報錯
To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel). For SparkR, use setLogLevel(newLevel).
17/01/17 11:42:58 WARN SparkContext: Support for Java 7 is deprecated as of Spark 2.0.0
17/01/17 11:43:00 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
17/01/17 11:43:00 WARN Utils: Your hostname, node1 resolves to a loopback address: 127.0.0.1; using 192.168.85.128 instead (on interface eth1)
17/01/17 11:43:00 WARN Utils: Set SPARK_LOCAL_IP if you need to bind to another address
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: DEPRECATED: hive.metastore.ds.retry.* no longer has any effect. Use hive.hmshandler.retry.* instead
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.server2.thrift.http.min.worker.threads does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.mapjoin.optimized.keys does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.mapjoin.lazy.hashtable does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.maxslots does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.metastore.ds.retry.attempts does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.server2.thrift.http.max.worker.threads does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.sendqueue does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.optimize.multigroupby.common.distincts does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.metastore.ds.retry.interval does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.parallelism does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.stats.map.parallelism does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:11 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.memusedpercent does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:12 WARN General: Plugin (Bundle) "org.datanucleus.store.rdbms" is already registered. Ensure you dont have multiple JAR versions of the same plugin in the classpath. The URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.6/jars/datanucleus-rdbms-3.2.9.jar" is already registered, and you are trying to register an identical plugin located at URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark/jars/datanucleus-rdbms-3.2.9.jar."
17/01/17 11:43:12 WARN General: Plugin (Bundle) "org.datanucleus.api.jdo" is already registered. Ensure you dont have multiple JAR versions of the same plugin in the classpath. The URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.6/jars/datanucleus-api-jdo-3.2.6.jar" is already registered, and you are trying to register an identical plugin located at URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark/jars/datanucleus-api-jdo-3.2.6.jar."
17/01/17 11:43:12 WARN General: Plugin (Bundle) "org.datanucleus" is already registered. Ensure you dont have multiple JAR versions of the same plugin in the classpath. The URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark/jars/datanucleus-core-3.2.10.jar" is already registered, and you are trying to register an identical plugin located at URL "file:/home/joy/spark/spark-2.1.0-bin-hadoop2.6/jars/datanucleus-core-3.2.10.jar."
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: DEPRECATED: hive.metastore.ds.retry.* no longer has any effect. Use hive.hmshandler.retry.* instead
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.server2.thrift.http.min.worker.threads does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.mapjoin.optimized.keys does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.mapjoin.lazy.hashtable does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.maxslots does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.metastore.ds.retry.attempts does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.server2.thrift.http.max.worker.threads does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.sendqueue does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.optimize.multigroupby.common.distincts does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.metastore.ds.retry.interval does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.parallelism does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.stats.map.parallelism does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:16 WARN HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.datampi.memusedpercent does not exist
17/01/17 11:43:22 ERROR ObjectStore: Version information found in metastore differs 0.13.0 from expected schema version 1.2.0. Schema verififcation is disabled hive.metastore.schema.verification so setting version.
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState':
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$reflect(SparkSession.scala:981)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:110)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState(SparkSession.scala:109)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder$$anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder$$anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashTable$class.foreachEntry(HashTable.scala:230)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreachEntry(HashMap.scala:40)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreach(HashMap.scala:99)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder.getOrCreate(SparkSession.scala:878)
at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.createSparkSession(Main.scala:95)
... 47 elided
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog':
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$reflect(SparkSession.scala:978)
... 58 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog':
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState$$reflect(SharedState.scala:169)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.<init>(SharedState.scala:86)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:101)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState(SparkSession.scala:100)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.<init>(SessionState.scala:157)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState.<init>(HiveSessionState.scala:32)
... 63 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File /hive/tmp does not exist
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState$$reflect(SharedState.scala:166)
... 71 more
**Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File /hive/tmp does not exist**
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:366)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:270)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.<init>(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:65)
... 76 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File /hive/tmp does not exist
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:192)
... 84 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: File /hive/tmp does not exist
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.deprecatedGetFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:537)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileLinkStatusInternal(RawLocalFileSystem.java:750)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.getFileStatus(RawLocalFileSystem.java:527)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.getFileStatus(FilterFileSystem.java:409)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:599)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508)
... 85 more
分析報錯信息，發現出錯原因為/hive/tmp不存在的FileNotExist錯誤，查找hive-site.xml文件，該路徑為 hive.exec.scratchdir 值， hive.exec.scratchdir 為 HDFS路徑，用於存儲不同 map/reduce 階段的執行計划和這些階段的中間輸出結果。
在終端輸入hadoop fs -ls /hive，執行結果為
Found 2 items
drwxr-xr-x - joy supergroup 0 2016-06-12 21:35 /hive/log
drwxr-xr-x - joy supergroup 0 2017-01-16 14:17 /hive/tmp
權限分配不對，應該增加g+w，hadoop fs -chmod g+w /hive/tmp 以及hadoop fs -chmod g+w /hive/log ，但是依然報錯不存在
在$SPARK_HOME/conf下的spark-env.sh中增加HADOOP_CONF_DIR，增加后報錯信息變更為
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState':
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$reflect(SparkSession.scala:981)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:110)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sessionState(SparkSession.scala:109)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder$$anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder$$anonfun$getOrCreate$5.apply(SparkSession.scala:878)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(HashMap.scala:99)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashTable$class.foreachEntry(HashTable.scala:230)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreachEntry(HashMap.scala:40)
at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.foreach(HashMap.scala:99)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$Builder.getOrCreate(SparkSession.scala:878)
at org.apache.spark.repl.Main$.createSparkSession(Main.scala:95)
... 47 elided
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog':
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$.org$apache$spark$sql$SparkSession$$reflect(SparkSession.scala:978)
... 58 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog':
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState$$reflect(SharedState.scala:169)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.<init>(SharedState.scala:86)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession$$anonfun$sharedState$1.apply(SparkSession.scala:101)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState$lzycompute(SparkSession.scala:101)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.sharedState(SparkSession.scala:100)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.<init>(SessionState.scala:157)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionState.<init>(HiveSessionState.scala:32)
... 63 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /hive/tmp on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxrwxr-x
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState$.org$apache$spark$sql$internal$SharedState$$reflect(SharedState.scala:166)
... 71 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /hive/tmp on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxrwxr-x
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:366)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:270)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.<init>(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:65)
... 76 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /hive/tmp on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxrwxr-x
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:192)
... 84 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /hive/tmp on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxrwxr-x
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:612)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508)
... 85 more
<console>:14: error: not found: value spark
import spark.implicits._
^
<console>:14: error: not found: value spark
import spark.sql
出錯信息指出文件夾權限不正確，再次使用hadoop fs -ls /hive
drwxrwxr-x - joy supergroup 0 2016-06-12 21:35 /hive/log
drwxrwxr-x - joy supergroup 0 2017-01-16 14:17 /hive/tmp
將文件夾權限改為777，最終啟動成功
4. KeyError: u'y'
出錯信息類似於以下：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/lyj/Programs/kiseliugit/MyPysparkCodes/test/spark2.0.py", line 5, in <module>
spark = SparkSession.builder.master("local").appName('test 2.0').config(conf=SparkConf()).getOrCreate()
File "/Users/lyj/Programs/Apache/Spark2/python/pyspark/conf.py", line 104, in __init__
SparkContext._ensure_initialized()
File "/Users/lyj/Programs/Apache/Spark2/python/pyspark/context.py", line 243, in _ensure_initialized
SparkContext._gateway = gateway or launch_gateway()
File "/Users/lyj/Programs/Apache/Spark2/python/pyspark/java_gateway.py", line 116, in launch_gateway
java_import(gateway.jvm, "org.apache.spark.SparkConf")
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/py4j/java_gateway.py", line 90, in java_import
return_value = get_return_value(answer, gateway_client, None, None)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/py4j/protocol.py", line 306, in get_return_value
value = OUTPUT_CONVERTER[type](answer[2:], gateway_client)
KeyError: u'y'
出錯原因為py4j版本過低，使用pip upgrade升級即可
參考：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38637988/how-could-i-write-the-right-entry-point-in-spark-2-0-program-actually-pyspark-2