功能說明：顯示inode內容。
語 法：stat [文件或目錄]
補充說明：stat以文字的格式來顯示inode的內容。
ls 命令及其許多參數提供了一些非常有用的文件信息。另一個不太為人所熟知的命令 stat 提供了一些更為有用的信息。
下面演示了如何對可執行文件“oracle”（位於 $ORACLE_HOME/bin 目錄下）使用此命令。
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
# stat oracle
File: `oracle'
Size: 93300148 Blocks:182424 IO Block:4096 Regular File
Device: 343h/835d Inode: 12009652 Links: 1
Access: (6751/-rwsr-s--x) Uid:( 500/ oracle) Gid:( 500/ dba)
Access: 2006-08-04 04:30:52.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2005-11-02 11:49:47.000000000 -0500
Change: 2005-11-02 11:55:24.000000000 -0500
注意使用該命令獲得的信息：除了通常的文件大小（也可以使用 ls -l 命令獲得）以外，您還獲得了該文件占用的塊數。通常的 Linux 塊大小為 512 字節，因此一個大小為 93,300,148 字節的文件將占用 (93300148/512=) 182226.85 個塊。由於塊都是完整占用，因此該文件使用了一些整數個數的塊。無需猜測就可以獲得確切的塊數。
您還可以從以上輸出中獲得文件所有權的 GID 和 UID，以及權限的八進制表示形式 (6751)。如果要將文件恢復到它現在具有的相同權限，可以使用 chmod 6751 oracle，而不是顯式拼寫這些權限。
以上輸出最有用的部分是文件訪問時間戳信息。該輸出顯示，該文件被訪問的時間是 2006-08-04 04:30:52（顯示在“Access:”的旁邊），即 2006 年 8 月 4 日上午 4:30:52。這是某個人開始使用數據庫的時間。該文件的date.html' target='_blank'>修改時間是 2005-11-02 11:49:47（顯示在“Modify:”的旁邊）。最后，“Change:”旁邊的時間戳顯示文件狀態更改的時間。
stat 命令的修改符 -f 顯示了有關文件系統（而非文件）的信息：
# stat -f oracle
File: "oracle"
ID: 0 Namelen:255 Type:ext2/ext3
Blocks: Total: 24033242 Free: 15419301 Available: 14198462 Size: 4096
Inodes: Total: 12222464 Free: 12093976
另一個選項 -t 顯示了完全相同的信息，只不過是在一行中顯示的：
# stat -t oracle
oracle 93300148 182424 8de9 500 500 343 12009652 1 0 0 1154682061
1130950187 1130950524 4096
Everything in Unix is treated as files. This includes devices, directories and sockets — all of these are files. Stat command displays file or filesystem status as explained in this article.
File Stat – Display Information About File
For example, to find out more information about 101hacks.txt file, execute the stat command as shown below.
$ stat 101hacks.txt
File: `/home/sathiyamoorthy/101hacks.txt'
Size: 854 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 1058122 Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 1000/ sathiya) Gid: ( 1000/ sathiya)
Access: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Modify: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Change: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530
Details of Linux Stat Command Output
- File: `/home/sathiyamoorthy/101hacks.txt’ – Absolute path name of the file.
- Size: 854 – File size in bytes.
- Blocks: 8 – Total number of blocks used by this file.
- IO Block: 4096 – IO block size for this file.
- regular file – Indicates the file type. This indicates that this is a regular file. Following are available file types.
- regular file. ( ex: all normal files ).
- directory. ( ex: directories ).
- socket. ( ex: sockets ).
- symbolic link. ( ex: symbolic links. )
- block special file ( ex: hard disk ).
- character special file. ( ex: terminal device file ).
- Device: 801h/2049d – Device number in hex and device number in decimal
- Inode: 1058122 – Inode number is a unique number for each file which is used for the internal maintenance by the file system.
- Links: 1 – Number of links to the file
- Access: (0600/-rw——-): Access specifier displayed in both octal and character format. Let us see explanation about both the format.
- Uid: ( 1000/ sathiya) – File owner’s user id and user name are displayed.
- Gid: ( 1000/ sathiya) – File owner’s group id and group name are displayed.
- Access: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last access time of the file.
- Modify: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last modification time of the file.
- Change: 2009-06-28 19:29:57.000000000 +0530 – Last change time of the inode data of that file.
Dir Stat – Display Information About Directory
You can use the same command to display the information about a directory as shown below.
$ stat /home/ramesh
File: `/home/ramesh'
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 5521409 Links: 7
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 401/ramesh) Gid: ( 401/ramesh)
Access: 2009-01-01 12:17:42.000000000 -0800
Modify: 2009-01-01 12:07:33.000000000 -0800
Change: 2009-01-09 12:07:33.000000000 -0800
Details of File Permission:
File Permission In Octal Format
This information about the file is displayed in the Access field when you execute stat command. Following are the values for read, write and execute permission in Unix.