Android網絡編程總結

本文轉載自查看原文 2017-01-09 14:46 11177 Android技術

1.httpURLConnection協議使用

1)創建一個URL對象

URL url = new URL(http://www.baidu.com);

2)利用HttpURLConnection對象從網絡中獲取網頁數據

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

3)設置連接超時

conn.setConnectTimeout(6*1000);

4)對響應碼進行判斷

if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) //從Internet獲取網頁,發送請求,將網頁以流的形式讀回來

throw new RuntimeException("請求url失敗");

5)處理輸入輸出流

InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
6)String result = readData(is, "GBK"); //文件流輸入出文件用outStream.write
7)conn.disconnect();

public class NetUtils {
        public static String post(String url, String content) {
            HttpURLConnection conn = null;
            try {
                // 創建一個URL對象
                URL mURL = new URL(url);
                // 調用URL的openConnection()方法,獲取HttpURLConnection對象
                conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
 
                conn.setRequestMethod("POST");// 設置請求方法為post
                conn.setReadTimeout(5000);// 設置讀取超時為5秒
                conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);// 設置連接網絡超時為10秒
                conn.setDoOutput(true);// 設置此方法,允許向服務器輸出內容
 
                // post請求的參數
                String data = content;
                // 獲得一個輸出流,向服務器寫數據,默認情況下,系統不允許向服務器輸出內容
                OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();// 獲得一個輸出流,向服務器寫數據
                out.write(data.getBytes());
                out.flush();
                out.close();
 
                int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();// 調用此方法就不必再使用conn.connect()方法
                if (responseCode == 200) {
 
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
                    return response;
                } else {
                    throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
                }
 
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.disconnect();// 關閉連接
                }
            }
 
            return null;
        }
 
        public static String get(String url) {
            HttpURLConnection conn = null;
            try {
                // 利用string url構建URL對象
                URL mURL = new URL(url);
                conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
 
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
                conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);
 
                int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
                if (responseCode == 200) {
 
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
                    return response;
                } else {
                    throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
                }
 
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
 
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.disconnect();
                }
            }
 
            return null;
        }
 
        private static String getStringFromInputStream(InputStream is)
                throws IOException {
            ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            // 模板代碼 必須熟練
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len = -1;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            is.close();
            String state = os.toString();// 把流中的數據轉換成字符串,采用的編碼是utf-8(模擬器默認編碼)
            os.close();
            return state;
        }
    }

2.httpClient的使用

1. 創建HttpClient對象。

2. 創建請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求，創建HttpGet對象；如果需要發送POST請求，創建HttpPost對象。

3. 如果需要發送請求參數，可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數；對於HttpPost對象而言，也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。

4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個HttpResponse。

5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭；調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。

6. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接

import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  
import java.security.KeyManagementException;  
import java.security.KeyStore;  
import java.security.KeyStoreException;  
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  
  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;  
  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.ParseException;  
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;  
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;  
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
public class HttpClientTest {  
  
    @Test  
    public void jUnitTest() {  
        get();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * HttpClient連接SSL 
     */  
    public void ssl() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  
        try {  
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));  
            try {  
                // 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore    
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());  
            } catch (CertificateException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } finally {  
                try {  
                    instream.close();  
                } catch (Exception ignore) {  
                }  
            }  
            // 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書  
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();  
            // 只允許使用TLSv1協議  
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,  
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);  
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();  
            // 創建http請求(get方式)  
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            if (httpclient != null) {  
                try {  
                    httpclient.close();  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登錄請求） 
     */  
    public void postForm() {  
        // 創建默認的httpClient實例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 創建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 創建參數隊列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 發送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞參數不同返回不同結果 
     */  
    public void post() {  
        // 創建默認的httpClient實例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 創建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 創建參數隊列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 發送 get請求 
     */  
    public void get() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            // 創建httpget.    
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());  
            // 執行get請求.    
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                // 獲取響應實體    
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                // 打印響應狀態    
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    // 打印響應內容長度    
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    // 打印響應內容    
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                }  
                System.out.println("------------------------------------");  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 關閉連接,釋放資源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 上傳文件 
     */  
    public void upload() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  
  
            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  
  
            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  
  
            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  
  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
                if (resEntity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
                }  
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}

3.基於socket的網絡鏈接操作

（1）服務端

用指定的端口實例化一個SeverSocket對象。服務器就可以用這個端口監聽從客戶端發來的連接請求。
調用ServerSocket的accept()方法，以在等待連接期間造成阻塞，監聽連接從端口上發來的連接請求。
利用accept方法返回的客戶端的Socket對象，進行讀寫IO的操作
關閉打開的流和Socket對象

/**
 * 基於TCP協議的Socket通信，實現用戶登錄，服務端
*/
//1、創建一個服務器端Socket，即ServerSocket，指定綁定的端口，並監聽此端口
ServerSocket serverSocket =newServerSocket(10086);//1024-65535的某個端口
//2、調用accept()方法開始監聽，等待客戶端的連接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、獲取輸入流，並讀取客戶端信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr =newInputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br =newBufferedReader(isr);
String info =null;
while((info=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println("Hello,我是服務器，客戶端說："+info)；
}
socket.shutdownInput();//關閉輸入流
//4、獲取輸出流，響應客戶端的請求
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);
pw.write("Hello World！");
pw.flush();
  
 
//5、關閉資源
pw.close();
os.close();
br.close();
isr.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();

（2）客戶端

用服務器的IP地址和端口號實例化Socket對象。
調用connect方法，連接到服務器上。
獲得Socket上的流，把流封裝進BufferedReader/PrintWriter的實例，以進行讀寫
利用Socket提供的getInputStream和getOutputStream方法，通過IO流對象，向服務器發送數據流
關閉打開的流和Socket。

//客戶端
//1、創建客戶端Socket，指定服務器地址和端口
Socket socket =newSocket("127.0.0.1",10086);
//2、獲取輸出流，向服務器端發送信息
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字節輸出流
PrintWriter pw =newPrintWriter(os);//將輸出流包裝成打印流
pw.write("用戶名：admin；密碼：admin");
pw.flush();
socket.shutdownOutput();
//3、獲取輸入流，並讀取服務器端的響應信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String info = null;
while((info=br.readLine())!null){
 System.out.println("Hello,我是客戶端，服務器說："+info);
}
  
//4、關閉資源
br.close();
is.close();
pw.close();
os.close();
socket.close();

（3）多線程

服務器端創建ServerSocket，循環調用accept()等待客戶端連接
客戶端創建一個socket並請求和服務器端連接
服務器端接受客戶端請求，創建socket與該客戶建立專線連接
建立連接的兩個socket在一個單獨的線程上對話
服務器端繼續等待新的連接

//服務器線程處理 和本線程相關的socket
Socket socket =null;
public serverThread(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
ServerSocket serverSocket =newServerSocket(10086);
Socket socket =null;
int count =0;//記錄客戶端的數量
while(true){
socket = serverScoket.accept();
ServerThread serverThread =newServerThread(socket);
 serverThread.start();
 count++;
System.out.println("客戶端連接的數量："+count);
}

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