Android网络编程总结

本文转载自查看原文 2017-01-09 14:46 11177 Android技术

1.httpURLConnection协议使用

1)创建一个URL对象

URL url = new URL(http://www.baidu.com);

2)利用HttpURLConnection对象从网络中获取网页数据

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

3)设置连接超时

conn.setConnectTimeout(6*1000);

4)对响应码进行判断

if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) //从Internet获取网页,发送请求,将网页以流的形式读回来

throw new RuntimeException("请求url失败");

5)处理输入输出流

InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
6)String result = readData(is, "GBK"); //文件流输入出文件用outStream.write
7)conn.disconnect();

public class NetUtils {
        public static String post(String url, String content) {
            HttpURLConnection conn = null;
            try {
                // 创建一个URL对象
                URL mURL = new URL(url);
                // 调用URL的openConnection()方法,获取HttpURLConnection对象
                conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
 
                conn.setRequestMethod("POST");// 设置请求方法为post
                conn.setReadTimeout(5000);// 设置读取超时为5秒
                conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);// 设置连接网络超时为10秒
                conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置此方法,允许向服务器输出内容
 
                // post请求的参数
                String data = content;
                // 获得一个输出流,向服务器写数据,默认情况下,系统不允许向服务器输出内容
                OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();// 获得一个输出流,向服务器写数据
                out.write(data.getBytes());
                out.flush();
                out.close();
 
                int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();// 调用此方法就不必再使用conn.connect()方法
                if (responseCode == 200) {
 
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
                    return response;
                } else {
                    throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
                }
 
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.disconnect();// 关闭连接
                }
            }
 
            return null;
        }
 
        public static String get(String url) {
            HttpURLConnection conn = null;
            try {
                // 利用string url构建URL对象
                URL mURL = new URL(url);
                conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
 
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
                conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);
 
                int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
                if (responseCode == 200) {
 
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
                    return response;
                } else {
                    throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
                }
 
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
 
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.disconnect();
                }
            }
 
            return null;
        }
 
        private static String getStringFromInputStream(InputStream is)
                throws IOException {
            ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            // 模板代码 必须熟练
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len = -1;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            is.close();
            String state = os.toString();// 把流中的数据转换成字符串,采用的编码是utf-8(模拟器默认编码)
            os.close();
            return state;
        }
    }

2.httpClient的使用

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  
import java.security.KeyManagementException;  
import java.security.KeyStore;  
import java.security.KeyStoreException;  
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  
  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;  
  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.ParseException;  
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;  
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;  
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
public class HttpClientTest {  
  
    @Test  
    public void jUnitTest() {  
        get();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * HttpClient连接SSL 
     */  
    public void ssl() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  
        try {  
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));  
            try {  
                // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore    
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());  
            } catch (CertificateException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } finally {  
                try {  
                    instream.close();  
                } catch (Exception ignore) {  
                }  
            }  
            // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书  
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();  
            // 只允许使用TLSv1协议  
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,  
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);  
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();  
            // 创建http请求(get方式)  
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            if (httpclient != null) {  
                try {  
                    httpclient.close();  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
     */  
    public void postForm() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
     */  
    public void post() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 发送 get请求 
     */  
    public void get() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            // 创建httpget.    
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());  
            // 执行get请求.    
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                // 获取响应实体    
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                // 打印响应状态    
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    // 打印响应内容长度    
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    // 打印响应内容    
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                }  
                System.out.println("------------------------------------");  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 上传文件 
     */  
    public void upload() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  
  
            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  
  
            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  
  
            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  
  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
                if (resEntity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
                }  
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}

3.基于socket的网络链接操作

（1）服务端

用指定的端口实例化一个SeverSocket对象。服务器就可以用这个端口监听从客户端发来的连接请求。
调用ServerSocket的accept()方法，以在等待连接期间造成阻塞，监听连接从端口上发来的连接请求。
利用accept方法返回的客户端的Socket对象，进行读写IO的操作
关闭打开的流和Socket对象

/**
 * 基于TCP协议的Socket通信，实现用户登录，服务端
*/
//1、创建一个服务器端Socket，即ServerSocket，指定绑定的端口，并监听此端口
ServerSocket serverSocket =newServerSocket(10086);//1024-65535的某个端口
//2、调用accept()方法开始监听，等待客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、获取输入流，并读取客户端信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr =newInputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br =newBufferedReader(isr);
String info =null;
while((info=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println("Hello,我是服务器，客户端说："+info)；
}
socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流
//4、获取输出流，响应客户端的请求
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);
pw.write("Hello World！");
pw.flush();
  
 
//5、关闭资源
pw.close();
os.close();
br.close();
isr.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();

（2）客户端

用服务器的IP地址和端口号实例化Socket对象。
调用connect方法，连接到服务器上。
获得Socket上的流，把流封装进BufferedReader/PrintWriter的实例，以进行读写
利用Socket提供的getInputStream和getOutputStream方法，通过IO流对象，向服务器发送数据流
关闭打开的流和Socket。

//客户端
//1、创建客户端Socket，指定服务器地址和端口
Socket socket =newSocket("127.0.0.1",10086);
//2、获取输出流，向服务器端发送信息
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流
PrintWriter pw =newPrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装成打印流
pw.write("用户名：admin；密码：admin");
pw.flush();
socket.shutdownOutput();
//3、获取输入流，并读取服务器端的响应信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String info = null;
while((info=br.readLine())!null){
 System.out.println("Hello,我是客户端，服务器说："+info);
}
  
//4、关闭资源
br.close();
is.close();
pw.close();
os.close();
socket.close();

（3）多线程

服务器端创建ServerSocket，循环调用accept()等待客户端连接
客户端创建一个socket并请求和服务器端连接
服务器端接受客户端请求，创建socket与该客户建立专线连接
建立连接的两个socket在一个单独的线程上对话
服务器端继续等待新的连接

//服务器线程处理 和本线程相关的socket
Socket socket =null;
public serverThread(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
ServerSocket serverSocket =newServerSocket(10086);
Socket socket =null;
int count =0;//记录客户端的数量
while(true){
socket = serverScoket.accept();
ServerThread serverThread =newServerThread(socket);
 serverThread.start();
 count++;
System.out.println("客户端连接的数量："+count);
}

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