今天的重點是UIWebView、NSURLSession、JSon。
網絡編程聯網准備:1、在Info.plist中添加AppTransportSecurity類型Dictionary;2、在AppTransportSecurity下添加AllowArbitaryLoads類型Boolean。
如果僅僅是查詢數據,建議使用GET;如果是增刪改數據,建議用POST。
使用第三方框架:Alamofire——著名的AFNetworking網絡基礎庫。
UIWebView的使用:
加載顯示網頁:
class ViewController: UIViewController, UIWebViewDelegate { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() let webView = UIWebView(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds) let url = URL(string: "http://www.cnblogs.com/quanxi") let request = URLRequest(url: url!) webView.loadRequest(request) webView.delegate = self self.view.addSubview(webView) } }
整個過程中,有一些方法:
//連接改變時 func webView(_ webView: UIWebView, shouldStartLoadWith request: URLRequest, navigationType: UIWebViewNavigationType) -> Bool { return true } //UIWebView加載完成時調用,而無論鏈接是否正確 func webViewDidStartLoad(_ webView: UIWebView) { print("===hello") }
網絡操作
首先給出一個JSON測試的接口地址:http://mapi.damai.cn/proj/HotProj.aspx?CityId=0&source=10099&version=30602。下面是用Jason.app序列化后的結果:
第一種NSURLConnection(為了獲得數據,一定要讓類遵循NSURLConnectionDataDelegate):
- 首先創建請求對象:var request = NSURLRequest(url: URL(string: "http://www.sina.com")!)。
- 創建網絡連接的對象:_ = NSURLConnection(request: req as URLRequest, delegate: self),用這個對象來獲得數據。
然后有如下方法可在整個網絡請求的過程中調用。
extension ViewController: NSURLConnectionDataDelegate { //連接網絡,連接成功則調用 func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive response: URLResponse) { let res = response as! HTTPURLResponse print("===\(res.statusCode)") } //連接成功,后服務器請求數據 func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive data: Data) { print("===\(data)") downloadData.append(data) //var downloadData = NSMutableData() } //http請求結束后,對數據的處理 func connectionDidFinishLoading(_ connection: NSURLConnection) { //此時downloadData代表了所有的數據 //解析為Json數據 let dict = try! JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: downloadData as Data, options: .allowFragments) as! NSDictionary let list = dict["list"] as! NSArray print("===\(dict)") for d in list { var model = Model() let di = d as! NSDictionary model.Name = di.object(forKey: "Name") as! String model.venName = di.object(forKey: "VenName") as! String model.showTime = di.object(forKey: "ShowTime") as! String dataSource.add(model) } } }
第二種,現在更推崇使用NSURLSession(就必須使用到NSURLSessionTask):
NSURLSessionTask和其子類的關系:
使用NSURLSession的步驟:
- 獲得會話對象Session的實例
- 再通過該實例,創建各種task
- 然后編寫好task,就可以執行task了。
而真正的使用,有兩種方法:
- 使用URLRequest對象
// // ViewController.swift // k // // Created by apple on 16/12/30. // Copyright © 2016年 liuzhenbing. All rights reserved. // import UIKit class ViewController: UIViewController, UIWebViewDelegate { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() let url = URL(string: "http://mapi.damai.cn/proj/HotProj.aspx?CityId=0&source=10099&version=30602") let request = URLRequest(url: url!) //獲得會話對象Session的實例 let session = URLSession.shared //再創建各種需要的task let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in var dict: NSDictionary? = nil if error == nil { do { dict = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.init(rawValue: 0)) as? NSDictionary } catch {} //下面就是JSON的具體解析了:可以參照第一種Connection方法 let list = dict?["list"] as! NSArray for i in list { let dic = i as! NSDictionary //下面就是最底層,也就是各個具體的字段值 print("===\(dic.object(forKey: "Name") as! String)") } } } dataTask.resume() //執行任務:最關鍵的一步,一定要記住 } }
- 直接使用URL對象:
// // ViewController.swift // k // // Created by apple on 16/12/30. // Copyright © 2016年 liuzhenbing. All rights reserved. // import UIKit class ViewController: UIViewController, UIWebViewDelegate { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() let url = URL(string: "http://mapi.damai.cn/proj/HotProj.aspx?CityId=0&source=10099&version=30602") let session = URLSession.shared let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, response, error) in var dict: NSDictionary? = nil if error == nil { do { dict = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.init(rawValue: 0)) as? NSDictionary } catch {} let list = dict?["list"] as! NSArray for i in list { let dic = i as! NSDictionary print("===\(dic.object(forKey: "Name") as! String)") } } } dataTask.resume() } }
以上代碼都是簡單GET示例,下面給出POST的用法:
//let url = URL(string: "http://www.crs811.com/Json/login.php")!,而且POST必須用request的任務 request.httpMethod = "POST" request.httpBody = "username=crs811&pwd=123456".data(using: .utf8)
網絡編程的下載主題:
用swift的URLSession來下圖片:
class ViewController: UIViewController, URLSessionDownloadDelegate { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() let url = URL(string: "http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/1032080/201612/1032080-20161206214110210-418912424.jpg")! //session一定要這樣設置,因為要更改下載的代理 let session = URLSession(configuration: .default, delegate: self, delegateQueue: nil) let downLoadTask = session.downloadTask(with: url) downLoadTask.resume() //以上代碼就已經把想要的文件,下下來了,但是現在,還有兩個問題:要找到文件;這個文件還不能用,因為是.tmp的,要另存為,如.jpg } func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL) { let source = location.path let save = NSHomeDirectory().appending("/test.jpg") print("===\(save)") let fileManager = FileManager.default do { if fileManager.fileExists(atPath: save) { //如果文件存在,不刪除的話,繼續保存在這里,是會失敗的 try fileManager.removeItem(atPath: save) } try fileManager.moveItem(atPath: source, toPath: save) } catch {} } }
用SDWebImage庫異步加載一張圖片(是UIImageView調用該方法,而不是UIImage):
首先引入庫的時候有幾個選項,記住一定不要選引用,還要記住設置聯網。
@IBOutlet weak var img: UIImageView! override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() img?.sd_setImage(with: URL(string: "http://www.crs811.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/test.jpg")) }
如果使用cocoaPods來管理庫,也要搭建OC橋才能使用(不知道是不是該庫是OC的緣故)。一個簡單的例程:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leaf_and_wind/9724825