SpringBoot配置Email發送功能

相信使用過Spring的眾多開發者都知道Spring提供了非常好用的 JavaMailSender接口實現郵件發送。在Spring Boot的Starter模塊中也為此提供了自動化配置。下面通過實例看看如何在Spring Boot中使用 JavaMailSender 發送郵件。

快速入門

在Spring Boot的工程中的 pom.xml 中引入 spring-boot-starter-mail 依賴：

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency> 

如其他自動化配置模塊一樣，在完成了依賴引入之后，只需要在 application.properties 中配置相應的屬性內容。

下面我們以QQ郵箱為例，在 application.properties 中加入如下配置（注意替換自己的用戶名和密碼）：

spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com  
spring.mail.username=用戶名  //發送方的郵箱
spring.mail.password=密碼  //對於qq郵箱而言 密碼指的就是發送方的授權碼
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true 
注意：在spring.mail.password處的值是需要在郵箱設置里面生成的授權碼，這個不是真實的密碼。 

通過單元測試來實現一封簡單郵件的發送：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class) public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; @Test public void sendSimpleMail() throws Exception { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setFrom("[e-mail]"); message.setTo("[e-mail]"); message.setSubject("主題：簡單郵件"); message.setText("測試郵件內容"); mailSender.send(message); } } 

到這里，一個簡單的郵件發送就完成了，運行一下該單元測試，看看效果如何？

由於Spring Boot的starter模塊提供了自動化配置，所以在引入了 spring-boot-starter-mail 依賴之后，會根據配置文件中的內容去創建 JavaMailSender 實例，因此我們可以直接在需要使用的地方直接 @Autowired 來引入郵件發送對象。

對於qq郵箱這樣寫過后會報錯：

1、異常信息：

org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure; message exception details (1) are:
Failed message 1:
javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.startTLS(SMTPTransport.java:2046)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:711)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)

這種錯誤一般是因為jre的lib下C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\security，替換2個jar包，參考文檔

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html

2、異常信息

org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException: Authentication failed; nested exception is javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: 535 Error: ??ê1ó?êúè¨??μ????￡?ê?é???′: http://service.mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=28&&no=1001256

at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:424)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)

發送方必須要開啟smtp，獲取到的授權碼，界面如下：

 3、異常信息：

org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS; message exception details (1) are:
Failed message 1:
javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:721)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

換成公司企業郵箱報錯，通過將properties文件的內容修改就可以了，這里的用戶密碼就是自己的郵箱密碼(這點不同於qq郵箱)

spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=false
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=false

 

1. • 發送HTML格式的郵件

@Test public void testSendHtml() { MimeMessage message = null; try { message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setFrom(username); helper.setTo("[e-mail]"); helper.setSubject("標題：發送Html內容"); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("<h1>大標題-h1</h1>") .append("<p style='color:#F00'>紅色字</p>") .append("<p style='text-align:right'>右對齊</p>"); helper.setText(sb.toString(), true); } catch (MessagingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } javaMailSender.send(message); }

注意：這里創建的是MimeMessageHelper，且在調用setText時需要在第二個參數傳入true，這樣才會使用HTML格式發送郵件

 

通過velocity模板發送郵件：

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-velocity</artifactId>
</dependency>

@Autowired

private VelocityEngine velocityEngine;

@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
helper.setFrom("[e-mail]");
helper.setTo("[e-mail]");
helper.setSubject("主題：模板郵件");
Map<String, Object> model = new HashedMap();
model.put("username", "didi");
String text = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString(
velocityEngine, "template.vm", "UTF-8", model);
helper.setText(text, true);
javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}

在resources下建一個templates包 該包下建立一個文件template.vm，內容以html格式隨便寫

<html>
<body>
<h3>你好， ${username}, 這是一封模板郵件!</h3>
</body>
</html>

 

測試結果：