CentOS 7 yum nginx MySQL PHP 簡易環境搭建


用centos自帶的yum源來安裝nginx,mysql和php,超級方便,省去編譯的麻煩,省去自己配置的麻煩,還能節省非常多的時間。

我們先把yum源換成國內的阿里雲鏡像源(當然不換也可以),先備份一下原來的源鏡像文件,以免出錯后可以恢復:

[root@192 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下載新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/,版本根據自己的系統版本選擇下載:

CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
 CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
 CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

更改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo使其為不生效:

enabled=0

運行yum makecache生成緩存:

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update

安裝Nginx

由於yum源中沒有我們想要的nginx,那么我們就需要創建一個“/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo”的文件,其實就是新增一個yum源。

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

把如下內容復制進去:

[nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0 enabled=1

然后保存退出,輸入 yum list nginx 查看,

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum list nginx 已加載插件:fastestmirror nginx | 2.9 kB  00:00:00 nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                       |  18 kB  00:00:04 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 可安裝的軟件包 nginx.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx [root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep nginx nginx.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-debug.x86_64                         1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-10.el7.ngx nginx pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.6-2.el7                base [root@192 yum.repos.d]# 

如果執行命令是這樣的顯示效果,那么我們的nginx的yum源就配置成功啦!

然后要安裝我們的nginx就直接執行:

yum -y install nginx

這樣nginx的最新官網版本就安裝好了!

啟動nginx:

# nginx #啟動nginx # curl 127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

安裝MySQL 5.7版本,官網http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 

rpm -Uvh  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

可以看到已經有了,並且5.7版本已經啟用,可以直接安裝:

root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         啟用:    24 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用 mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              啟用:    38 mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用 mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview 禁用 mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source 禁用 mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用 mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用 mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         啟用:   146 mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server 禁用 mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 [root@192 yum.repos.d]# 

如果沒有開啟,或者你想要選擇需要的版本進行安裝,修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo,選擇需要的版本把enable改為1即可,其它的改為0:

修改好后查看可用的安裝版本:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  24 mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       38 mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 146

不用猶豫,開始安裝吧!

yum -y install mysql-community-server

 ……經過漫長的等待后,看到下圖所示:

開始啟動mysql:

service mysqld start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

看下mysql的啟動狀態:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# service mysqld status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 日 2016-10-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 36887 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 10月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... 10月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. 10月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

開機啟動設置:

systemctl enable mysqld systemctl daemon-reload

mysql安裝完成之后,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中給root生成了一個默認密碼。通過下面的方式找到root默認密碼,然后登錄mysql進行修改:

[root@192 yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2016-10-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a&sqr7dou7N_
mysql -uroot -p

修改root密碼:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassWord!';

 注意:mysql5.7默認安裝了密碼安全檢查插件,默認密碼檢查策略要求密碼必須包含:大小寫字母、數字和特殊符號,並且長度不能少於8位。否則會提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements錯誤,如下圖所示:

通過msyql環境變量可以查看密碼策略的相關信息:

mysql> show variables like '%password%'; +---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

validate_password_policy:密碼策略,默認為MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file:密碼策略文件,策略為STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length:密碼最少長度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count:大小寫字符長度,至少1個 
validate_password_number_count :數字至少1個 
validate_password_special_char_count:特殊字符至少1個 
上述參數是默認策略MEDIUM的密碼檢查規則。

修改密碼策略

如果想修改密碼策略,在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置:

# 選擇0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一種,選擇2需要提供密碼字典文件 validate_password_policy=0

配置默認編碼為utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件,在[mysqld]下添加編碼配置,如下所示:

[mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新啟動mysql服務使配置生效:

systemctl restart mysqld

添加遠程登錄用戶

默認只允許root帳戶在本地登錄,如果要在其它機器上連接mysql,必須修改root允許遠程連接,或者添加一個允許遠程連接的帳戶,為了安全起見,我們添加一個新的帳戶:

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'evai'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '@evai2016' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

這樣遠程就可以用賬戶名為evai,密碼為@evai2016來登錄數據庫了,運行 select host, user from mysql.user 查看下:

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user; +-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | evai      |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root      |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安裝PHP7

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

執行命令安裝php7:

yum install php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-mysql.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64

安裝php-fpm:

yum install php70w-fpm php70w-opcache

啟動php-fpm:

systemctl start php-fpm

修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 文件,找到下面這段並改為如下所示:

location ~ \.php$ { root /usr/share/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }

接着到 /usr/share/nginx/html 目錄下創建一個test.php文件,內容為phpinfo():

vi /usr/share/nginx/html/test.php #內容 <?php phpinfo();

保存退出。接着重啟nginx:

nginx -s reload

打開瀏覽器,看到如下圖說明運行成功:

至此環境搭建完成。

 

 


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