0.ansible
命令參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options] Options: -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS 模塊的參數,如果執行默認COMMAND的模塊,即是命令參數,如:“date”,"pwd"等等 module arguments 模塊參數 -k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password 登錄密碼,提示輸入SSH密碼而不是假設基於密鑰的驗證 --ask-su-pass ask for su password su切換密碼 -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password 提示密碼使用sudo,sudo表示提權操作 --ask-vault-pass ask for vault password -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS 后台運行超時時間 run asynchronously, failing after X seconds (default=N/A) -C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some 只是測試一下會改變什么內容,不會真正去執行;相反,試圖預測一些可能發生的變化 of the changes that may occur -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION 連接類型使用。可能的選項是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。當地主要是用於crontab或啟動。 connection type to use (default=smart) -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS 並行任務數。NUM被指定為一個整數,默認是5 specify number of parallel processes to use (default=5) -h, --help show this help message and exit 打開幫助文檔API -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY 指定庫存主機文件的路徑,默認為/etc/ansible/hosts specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts) -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET 進一步限制所選主機/組模式 --limit=192.168.91.135 只對這個ip執行 further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern --list-hosts outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute anything else -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME 執行模塊的名字,默認使用 command 模塊,所以如果是只執行單一命令可以不用 -m參數 module name to execute (default=command) -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH 要執行的模塊的路徑,默認為/usr/share/ansible/ specify path(s) to module library (default=/usr/share/ansible/) -o, --one-line condense output 壓縮輸出,摘要輸出.嘗試一切都在一行上輸出。 -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL 調查背景工作每隔數秒。需要- b set the poll interval if using -B (default=15) --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE 私鑰路徑,使用這個文件來驗證連接 use this file to authenticate the connection -S, --su run operations with su 用 su 命令 -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER 指定SU的用戶,默認是root用戶 run operations with su as this user (default=root) -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd) -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER sudo到哪個用戶,默認為 root desired sudo user (default=root) -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT 指定SSH默認超時時間, 默認是10S override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10) -t TREE, --tree=TREE log output to this directory 將日志內容保存在該輸出目錄,結果保存在一個文件中在每台主機上。 -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER 遠程用戶, 默認是root用戶 connect as this user (default=root) --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable 詳細信息 connection debugging) --version show program's version number and exit 輸出ansible的版本
特殊說明:
1. ansible是指令核心部分,其主要用於執行ad-hoc(點對點)命令,即單條命令。默認后面需要跟主機和選項部分,默認不指定模塊時,使用的是command模塊。
2. 默認使用的模塊是可以在ansible.cfg 中進行修改的。 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
舉例:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.91.137 -a 'pwd'
192.168.91.137 | success | rc=0 >>
/root
1.ansible-doc
參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-doc -h Usage: ansible-doc [options] [module...] Show Ansible module documentation 顯示Ansible模塊文檔 Options: --version show program's version number and exit 顯示ansible-doc的版本號 -h, --help show this help message and exit 顯示命令參數API文檔 -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH 查詢模塊,--module-path=MODULE_PATH 指定模塊的路徑 Ansible modules/ directory -l, --list List available modules 顯示已存在的所有模塊列表 -s, --snippet Show playbook snippet for specified module(s) 顯示playbook制定模塊的用法 -v Show version number and exit 顯示ansible-doc的版本號
舉例:
$ ansible-doc -l
$ ansible-doc -s command
2.ansible-galaxy
參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy -h Usage: ansible-galaxy [init|info|install|list|remove] [--help] [options] ... Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit See 'ansible-galaxy <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.
特殊說明:
ansible-galaxy 指令用於方便的從https://galaxy.ansible.com/ 站點下載第三方擴展模塊,我們可以形象的理解其類似於centos下的yum、python下的pip或easy_install
舉例:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy install aeriscloud.docker
- downloading role 'docker', owned by aeriscloud
- downloading role from https://github.com/AerisCloud/ansible-docker/archive/v1.0.0.tar.gz
- extracting aeriscloud.docker to /etc/ansible/roles/aeriscloud.docker
- aeriscloud.docker was installed successfully
3.ansible-playbook
參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-playbook -h Usage: ansible-playbook playbook.yml Options: -k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password --ask-su-pass ask for su password -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password --ask-vault-pass ask for vault password -C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some of the changes that may occur -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION connection type to use (default=smart) -D, --diff when changing (small) files and templates, show the differences in those files; works great with --check -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON --force-handlers run handlers even if a task fails -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS specify number of parallel processes to use (default=5) -h, --help show this help message and exit -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts) -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern --list-hosts outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute anything else --list-tasks list all tasks that would be executed -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH specify path(s) to module library (default=/usr/share/ansible/) --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE use this file to authenticate the connection --skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS only run plays and tasks whose tags do not match these values --start-at-task=START_AT start the playbook at the task matching this name --step one-step-at-a-time: confirm each task before running -S, --su run operations with su -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER run operations with su as this user (default=root) -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd) -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER desired sudo user (default=root) --syntax-check perform a syntax check on the playbook, but do not execute it -t TAGS, --tags=TAGS only run plays and tasks tagged with these values -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10) -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root) --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable connection debugging) --version show program's version number and exit
4.ansible-pull
參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-pull -h Usage: ansible-pull [options] [playbook.yml] Options: -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password -C CHECKOUT, --checkout=CHECKOUT branch/tag/commit to checkout. Defaults to behavior of repository module. -d DEST, --directory=DEST directory to checkout repository to -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON -f, --force run the playbook even if the repository could not be updated -h, --help show this help message and exit -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY 指定庫存主機文件的路徑,默認為/etc/ansible/hosts location of the inventory host file -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME 從倉庫檢查的模塊名,默認是git Module name used to check out repository. Default is git. -o, --only-if-changed only run the playbook if the repository has been updated --purge purge checkout after playbook run -s SLEEP, --sleep=SLEEP sleep for random interval (between 0 and n number of seconds) before starting. this is a useful way to disperse git requests -U URL, --url=URL URL of the playbook repository --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose Pass -vvvv to ansible-playbook
5.ansible-vault
參數詳解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-vault Usage: ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey] [--help] [options] file_name Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit See 'ansible-vault <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.
特殊說明:
ansible-vault主要應用於配置文件中含有敏感信息,又不希望他能被人看到,vault可以幫你加密/解密這個配置文件,屬高級用法。主要對於playbooks里比如涉及到配置密碼或其他變量時,可以通過該指令加密,這樣我們通過cat看到的會是一個密碼串類的文件,編輯的時候需要輸入事先設定的密碼才能打開。這種playbook文件在執行時,需要加上 –ask-vault-pass參數,同樣需要輸入密碼后才能正常執行。具體該部分可以參查官方博客。
6.參考資料
ansible中文權威指南:
http://www.ansible.com.cn/
ansible小結(二):ansible結構:
http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/143179
