[LeetCode] 379. Design Phone Directory 設計電話目錄


 

Design a Phone Directory which supports the following operations:

  1. get: Provide a number which is not assigned to anyone.
  2. check: Check if a number is available or not.
  3. release: Recycle or release a number.

Example:

// Init a phone directory containing a total of 3 numbers: 0, 1, and 2.
PhoneDirectory directory = new PhoneDirectory(3);

// It can return any available phone number. Here we assume it returns 0.
directory.get();

// Assume it returns 1.
directory.get();

// The number 2 is available, so return true.
directory.check(2);

// It returns 2, the only number that is left.
directory.get();

// The number 2 is no longer available, so return false.
directory.check(2);

// Release number 2 back to the pool.
directory.release(2);

// Number 2 is available again, return true.
directory.check(2);

 

又是一道設計題,讓我們設計一個電話目錄管理系統,可以分配電話號碼,查詢某一個號碼是否已經被使用,釋放一個號碼。既然要分配號碼,肯定需要一個數組 nums 來存所有可以分配的號碼,注意要初始化成不同的數字。然后再用一個長度相等的數組 used 來標記某個位置上的號碼是否已經被使用過了,用一個變量 idx 表明當前分配到的位置。再 get 函數中,首先判斷若 idx 小於0了,說明沒有號碼可以分配了,返回 -1。否則就取出 nums[idx],並且標記該號碼已經使用了,注意 idx 還要自減1,返回之前取出的號碼。對於 check 函數,直接在 used 函數中看對應值是否為0。最后實現 release 函數,若該號碼沒被使用過,直接 return;否則將 idx 自增1,再將該號碼賦值給 nums[idx],然后在 used 中標記為0即可,參見代碼如下:

 

解法一:

class PhoneDirectory {
public:
    PhoneDirectory(int maxNumbers) {
        nums.resize(maxNumbers);
        used.resize(maxNumbers);
        idx = maxNumbers - 1;
        iota(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 0);
    }
    int get() {
        if (idx < 0) return -1;
        int num = nums[idx--];
        used[num] = 1;
        return num;
    }
    bool check(int number) {
        return used[number] == 0;
    }
    void release(int number) {
        if (used[number] == 0) return;
        nums[++idx] = number;
        used[number] = 0;
    }

private:
    int idx;
    vector<int> nums, used;
};

 

我們也可以使用隊列 queue 和 HashSet 來做,整個思想和上面沒有啥太大的區別,就是寫法上略有不同,參見代碼如下:

 

解法二:

class PhoneDirectory {
public:
    PhoneDirectory(int maxNumbers) {
        mx = maxNumbers;
        for (int i = 0; i < maxNumbers; ++i) q.push(i);
    }
    int get() {
        if (q.empty()) return -1;
        int num = q.front(); q.pop();
        used.insert(num);
        return num;
    }
    bool check(int number) {
        return !used.count(number);
    }
    void release(int number) {
        if (!used.count(number)) return;
        used.erase(number);
        q.push(number);
    }
    
private:
    int mx;
    queue<int> q;
    unordered_set<int> used;
};

 

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/379

 

參考資料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-phone-directory/

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-phone-directory/discuss/85328/Java-AC-solution-using-queue-and-set

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-phone-directory/discuss/122908/Java-O(1)-time-o(n)-space-single-Array-99ms-beats-100

 

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