with open(xxx,'r,coding='utf-8') as f: #打開文件賦值給F ，並且執行完了之后不需要 f.close().
在Python 2.7 及以后，with又支持同時對多個文件的上下文進行管理，即：with open('log1') as obj1, open('log2') as obj2:
f.tell #獲取指針位置
f.seek(1) #調整指針位置
f.write() #往文件里面些東西 並切指針到最后
r.read() #讀文件
f.open('file.name','r+',encoding='utf-8') #以r+模式打開文件 # r+先讀完文件再寫(往頭部寫文件)， w+ #清空文件再寫 ，x+ #如果文件存在會報錯 ，a+ #打開的同時指針已經到最后了（往尾部寫文件)。
f.close() #關閉文件
open函數，該函數用於文件處理
操作文件時，一般需要經歷如下步驟：
- 打開文件
- 操作文件
一、打開文件
文件句柄 = open('文件路徑', '模式')
打開文件時，需要指定文件路徑和以何等方式打開文件，打開后，即可獲取該文件句柄，日后通過此文件句柄對該文件操作。
打開文件的模式有：
- r ，只讀模式【默認】
- w，只寫模式【不可讀；不存在則創建；存在則清空內容；】
- x， 只寫模式【不可讀；不存在則創建，存在則報錯】
- a， 追加模式【可讀； 不存在則創建；存在則只追加內容；】
"+" 表示可以同時讀寫某個文件
- r+， 讀寫【可讀，可寫】
- w+，寫讀【可讀，可寫】
- x+ ，寫讀【可讀，可寫】
- a+， 寫讀【可讀，可寫】
"b"表示以字節的方式操作
- rb 或 r+b
- wb 或 w+b
- xb 或 w+b
- ab 或 a+b
注：以b方式打開時，讀取到的內容是字節類型，寫入時也需要提供字節類型
python3操作
1 class TextIOWrapper(_TextIOBase): 2 """ 3 Character and line based layer over a BufferedIOBase object, buffer. 4 5 encoding gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be 6 decoded or encoded with. It defaults to locale.getpreferredencoding(False). 7 8 errors determines the strictness of encoding and decoding (see 9 help(codecs.Codec) or the documentation for codecs.register) and 10 defaults to "strict". 11 12 newline controls how line endings are handled. It can be None, '', 13 '\n', '\r', and '\r\n'. It works as follows: 14 15 * On input, if newline is None, universal newlines mode is 16 enabled. Lines in the input can end in '\n', '\r', or '\r\n', and 17 these are translated into '\n' before being returned to the 18 caller. If it is '', universal newline mode is enabled, but line 19 endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of 20 the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the given 21 string, and the line ending is returned to the caller untranslated. 22 23 * On output, if newline is None, any '\n' characters written are 24 translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep. If 25 newline is '' or '\n', no translation takes place. If newline is any 26 of the other legal values, any '\n' characters written are translated 27 to the given string. 28 29 If line_buffering is True, a call to flush is implied when a call to 30 write contains a newline character. 31 """ 32 def close(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 33 關閉文件 34 pass 35 36 def fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 37 文件描述符 38 pass 39 40 def flush(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 41 刷新文件內部緩沖區 42 pass 43 44 def isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 45 判斷文件是否是同意tty設備 46 pass 47 48 def read(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 49 讀取指定字節數據 50 pass 51 52 def readable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 53 是否可讀 54 pass 55 56 def readline(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 57 僅讀取一行數據 58 pass 59 60 def seek(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 61 指定文件中指針位置 62 pass 63 64 def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 65 指針是否可操作 66 pass 67 68 def tell(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 69 獲取指針位置 70 pass 71 72 def truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 73 截斷數據，僅保留指定之前數據 74 pass 75 76 def writable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 77 是否可寫 78 pass 79 80 def write(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 81 寫內容 82 pass 83 84 def __getstate__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 85 pass 86 87 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 88 pass 89 90 @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 91 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 92 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 93 pass 94 95 def __next__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 96 """ Implement next(self). """ 97 pass 98 99 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 100 """ Return repr(self). """ 101 pass 102 103 buffer = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 104 105 closed = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 106 107 encoding = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 108 109 errors = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 110 111 line_buffering = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 112 113 name = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 114 115 newlines = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 116 117 _CHUNK_SIZE = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 118 119 _finalizing = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default 120 121 3.x
python2.x
1 class file(object) 2 def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 3 關閉文件 4 """ 5 close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer. Close the file. 6 7 Sets data attribute .closed to True. A closed file cannot be used for 8 further I/O operations. close() may be called more than once without 9 error. Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen()) 10 may return an exit status upon closing. 11 """ 12 13 def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 14 文件描述符 15 """ 16 fileno() -> integer "file descriptor". 17 18 This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read(). 19 """ 20 return 0 21 22 def flush(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 23 刷新文件內部緩沖區 24 """ flush() -> None. Flush the internal I/O buffer. """ 25 pass 26 27 28 def isatty(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 29 判斷文件是否是同意tty設備 30 """ isatty() -> true or false. True if the file is connected to a tty device. """ 31 return False 32 33 34 def next(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 35 獲取下一行數據，不存在，則報錯 36 """ x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration """ 37 pass 38 39 def read(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 40 讀取指定字節數據 41 """ 42 read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string. 43 44 If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached. 45 Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested 46 may be returned, even if no size parameter was given. 47 """ 48 pass 49 50 def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 51 讀取到緩沖區，不要用，將被遺棄 52 """ readinto() -> Undocumented. Don't use this; it may go away. """ 53 pass 54 55 def readline(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 56 僅讀取一行數據 57 """ 58 readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string. 59 60 Retain newline. A non-negative size argument limits the maximum 61 number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then). 62 Return an empty string at EOF. 63 """ 64 pass 65 66 def readlines(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 67 讀取所有數據，並根據換行保存值列表 68 """ 69 readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file. 70 71 Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read. 72 The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the 73 total number of bytes in the lines returned. 74 """ 75 return [] 76 77 def seek(self, offset, whence=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 78 指定文件中指針位置 79 """ 80 seek(offset[, whence]) -> None. Move to new file position. 81 82 Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to 83 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1 84 (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move 85 relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow 86 seeking beyond the end of a file). If the file is opened in text mode, 87 only offsets returned by tell() are legal. Use of other offsets causes 88 undefined behavior. 89 Note that not all file objects are seekable. 90 """ 91 pass 92 93 def tell(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 94 獲取當前指針位置 95 """ tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer). """ 96 pass 97 98 def truncate(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 99 截斷數據，僅保留指定之前數據 100 """ 101 truncate([size]) -> None. Truncate the file to at most size bytes. 102 103 Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell(). 104 """ 105 pass 106 107 def write(self, p_str): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 108 寫內容 109 """ 110 write(str) -> None. Write string str to file. 111 112 Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before 113 the file on disk reflects the data written. 114 """ 115 pass 116 117 def writelines(self, sequence_of_strings): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 118 將一個字符串列表寫入文件 119 """ 120 writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None. Write the strings to the file. 121 122 Note that newlines are not added. The sequence can be any iterable object 123 producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string. 124 """ 125 pass 126 127 def xreadlines(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 128 可用於逐行讀取文件，非全部 129 """ 130 xreadlines() -> returns self. 131 132 For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance 133 optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module. 134 """ 135 pass 136 137 2.x