今天早上開發又過來說,怎么有個語句一直沒有查詢出結果,數據是有的呀,並發來了如下的sql(為了方法說明,表名及查詢均做了修改):
select * from t2 where t2.course not in (select name from t1);
兩個表的數據如下:
mysql> select * from t1; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | NULL | | 2 | chen | | 3 | li | +----+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t2; +------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 1 | NULL | | 2 | chen | | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
所以按照要求來說,理論上應該顯示如下的數據才對:
+------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 但實際的返回結果卻時empty mysql> select * from t2 where t2.course not in (select name from t1); Empty set (0.00 sec)
這個可怪有意思了,不過一看到這種表中有null字段的都會先吐槽一下,一般來說字段都可以設置成非null的,而且效率也低,也要占用空間(mysql要記錄該條目是否為null)
既然已經這樣了,就分析分析:
mysql> select * from t2 join t1 on t1.name=t2.course; +------+--------+----+------+ | id | course | id | name | +------+--------+----+------+ | 2 | chen | 2 | chen | +------+--------+----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意:結果中並沒有出現course與name都為null的字段,即在mysql中null與null不相等。
mysql> select * from t2 where t2.course not in (null); Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t2 where t2.course not in (null,'chen'); Empty set (0.00 sec)
注意:not in中包含有null時,結果集一直為Empty set
再看看下面的語句:
mysql> select * from t2 where t2.course not in ('chen'); +------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select 1 > null; +----------+ | 1 > null | +----------+ | NULL | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意,id=1,course=null的字段並沒有被查詢出來,null值與任何非null值比較都為null(非0非1)
如果非要查詢出包含null的字段,可以這樣:
mysql> select * from t2 where course is null or course not in ('chen'); +------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 1 | NULL | | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
那么正確的姿勢應該是怎么寫呢?
用left join的方法,如下:
mysql> select t2.* from t2 left join t1 on t2.course=t1.name where t1.name is null ; +------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 1 | NULL | | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
當然如果t2表不包含null時,可以用字查詢接條件not null的方法:
mysql> select * from t2 where t2.course not in (select name from t1 where name is not null); +------+--------+ | id | course | +------+--------+ | 3 | math | +------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
有允許null的字段查詢時要多留個心眼,最好設計之初就不要出現允許null字段的存在。