對象化的Http和請求對象HttpRequest

在面向對象的語言中，有種“萬物皆對象”的說法。在上篇文章中介紹了HttpRuntime類，在該類收到請求之后，立即通過HttpWorkerRequest工作者對象對傳遞的參數進行分析和分解，創建方便網站應用程序處理的對象。與此相關的對象主要有，請求和響應兩個對象。即HttpRequest和HttpResponse類型。

HttpRequest定義在命名空間System.Web下

    // Summary:
    //     Enables ASP.NET to read the HTTP values sent by a client during a Web request.
    public sealed class HttpRequest

對於每一個請求參數，HttpRuntime將創建一個類型為HttpRequest的對象。

這個類定義了大量的屬性，用於表示關於Http請求的參數。這些參數來源於工作者對象HttpWorkerRequest，但HttpRequest提供了更加簡便的方式。

Http的請求消息包括三部分，分別是：請求行，請求頭，請求體。

下面看一下HttpRequest的常見屬性。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

namespace HttpRequestDemo
{
    public partial class Test : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            //請求的類型，get或者post，可讀寫
            sb.AppendFormat("RequestType:{0}<br/>", Request.RequestType);
            //Httpq請求的方法，get，post或者head，只讀
            sb.AppendFormat("HttpMethod:{0}<br/>", Request.HttpMethod);
            //通過工作者對象HttpWorkerRequest獲取的請求原始字符串形式的Url地址
            sb.AppendFormat("RawUrl:{0}<br/>", Request.RawUrl);
            //System.Uri類型的請求地址
            sb.AppendFormat("Url:{0}<br/>", Request.Url);
            //取得導致當前請求的上一個地址
            sb.AppendFormat(":{0}<br/>", Request.UrlReferrer);
            //請求的虛擬路徑，不包含請求參數信息
            sb.AppendFormat("FilePath:{0}<br/>", Request.FilePath);
            //請求的虛擬路徑，通常情況下，相當於FilePath，當通過Server.Execute執行的時候，FilePath不變，而CurrentExecutionFilePath表示原來的虛擬路徑。
            sb.AppendFormat("CurrentExecutionFilePath:{0}<br/>", Request.CurrentExecutionFilePath);
            //請求的虛擬路徑，包含請求參數信息
            sb.AppendFormat("Path:{0}<br/>", Request.Path);
            //yi~開頭的相對虛擬路徑
            sb.AppendFormat("AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath:{0}<br/>", Request.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath);
            //web應用程序所在的文件系統的目錄
            sb.AppendFormat("PhysicalApplicationPath:{0}<br/>", Request.PhysicalApplicationPath);
            //當前請求虛擬路徑所對應的文件系統路徑
            sb.AppendFormat("PhysicalPath:{0}<br/>", Request.PhysicalPath);
            //取得url請求參數 NameValueCollection類型
            foreach (string item in Request.QueryString.Keys)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("QueryString:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.QueryString[item]);
            }
            //客戶端可以接受的類型
            sb.AppendFormat("AcceptTypes:{0}<br/>", string.Join(",", Request.AcceptTypes));
            //通過form表單提交的參數 NameValueCollection類型
            foreach (string item in Request.Form.Keys)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("Form:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.Form[item]);
            }
            //請求頭中的參數
            foreach (string item in Request.Headers.Keys)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("Headers:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.Headers[item]);
            }
            //請求中的cookies
            foreach (string item in Request.Cookies.Keys)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("Cookies:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.Cookies[item]);
            }
            //web服務器提供的參數
            //foreach (string item in Request.ServerVariables.Keys)
            //{
            //    sb.AppendFormat("ServerVariables:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.ServerVariables[item]);
            //}
            //客戶端上傳的文件集合
            foreach (HttpPostedFile item in Request.Files)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("FileName:{0}<br/>", item.FileName);
            }
            //提供統一的方法來訪問 QueryString，Form，Cookies，ServerVariables中的參數
            foreach (string item in Request.Params.Keys)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("Params:Name={0},value={1}<br/>", item, Request.Params[item]);
            }
            //主體部分
            //請求主體的編碼
            sb.AppendFormat("ContentEncoding:{0}<br/>", Request.ContentEncoding);
            //請求主體的長度
            sb.AppendFormat("ContentLength:{0}<br/>", Request.ContentLength);
            // 請求主體的類型
            sb.AppendFormat("ContentType:{0}<br/>", Request.ContentType);
            //瀏覽器類型
            sb.AppendFormat("Browser:{0}<br/>", Request.Browser);
            //用戶代理，即瀏覽器
            sb.AppendFormat("UserAgent:{0}<br/>", Request.UserAgent);
            //客戶端地址
            sb.AppendFormat("UserHostAddress:{0}<br/>", Request.UserHostAddress);
            //客戶端DNS
            sb.AppendFormat(":{0}<br/>", Request.UserHostName);
            //客戶端語言
            sb.AppendFormat("UserLanguages:{0}<br/>", string.Join(",", Request.UserLanguages));

            Response.Write(sb.ToString());
        }
    }
}

輸出結果

RequestType:GET
HttpMethod:GET
RawUrl:/Test.aspx
Url:http://192.168.1.105:8888/Test.aspx
:
FilePath:/Test.aspx
CurrentExecutionFilePath:/Test.aspx
Path:/Test.aspx
AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath:~/Test.aspx
PhysicalApplicationPath:D:\DeepLearn\
PhysicalPath:D:\DeepLearn\Test.aspx
AcceptTypes:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Headers:Name=Cache-Control,value=max-age=0
Headers:Name=Connection,value=keep-alive
Headers:Name=Accept,value=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Headers:Name=Accept-Encoding,value=gzip, deflate, sdch
Headers:Name=Accept-Language,value=zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
Headers:Name=Host,value=192.168.1.105:8888
Headers:Name=User-Agent,value=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36
Headers:Name=Upgrade-Insecure-Requests,value=1
Params:Name=ALL_HTTP,value=HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL:max-age=0 HTTP_CONNECTION:keep-alive HTTP_ACCEPT:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING:gzip, deflate, sdch HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 HTTP_HOST:192.168.1.105:8888 HTTP_USER_AGENT:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36 HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS:1 
Params:Name=ALL_RAW,value=Cache-Control: max-age=0 Connection: keep-alive Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 Host: 192.168.1.105:8888 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 
Params:Name=APPL_MD_PATH,value=/LM/W3SVC/4/ROOT
Params:Name=APPL_PHYSICAL_PATH,value=D:\DeepLearn\
Params:Name=AUTH_TYPE,value=
Params:Name=AUTH_USER,value=
Params:Name=AUTH_PASSWORD,value=
Params:Name=LOGON_USER,value=
Params:Name=REMOTE_USER,value=
Params:Name=CERT_COOKIE,value=
Params:Name=CERT_FLAGS,value=
Params:Name=CERT_ISSUER,value=
Params:Name=CERT_KEYSIZE,value=
Params:Name=CERT_SECRETKEYSIZE,value=
Params:Name=CERT_SERIALNUMBER,value=
Params:Name=CERT_SERVER_ISSUER,value=
Params:Name=CERT_SERVER_SUBJECT,value=
Params:Name=CERT_SUBJECT,value=
Params:Name=CONTENT_LENGTH,value=0
Params:Name=CONTENT_TYPE,value=
Params:Name=GATEWAY_INTERFACE,value=CGI/1.1
Params:Name=HTTPS,value=off
Params:Name=HTTPS_KEYSIZE,value=
Params:Name=HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE,value=
Params:Name=HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER,value=
Params:Name=HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT,value=
Params:Name=INSTANCE_ID,value=4
Params:Name=INSTANCE_META_PATH,value=/LM/W3SVC/4
Params:Name=LOCAL_ADDR,value=192.168.1.105
Params:Name=PATH_INFO,value=/Test.aspx
Params:Name=PATH_TRANSLATED,value=D:\DeepLearn\Test.aspx
Params:Name=QUERY_STRING,value=
Params:Name=REMOTE_ADDR,value=192.168.1.105
Params:Name=REMOTE_HOST,value=192.168.1.105
Params:Name=REMOTE_PORT,value=3445
Params:Name=REQUEST_METHOD,value=GET
Params:Name=SCRIPT_NAME,value=/Test.aspx
Params:Name=SERVER_NAME,value=192.168.1.105
Params:Name=SERVER_PORT,value=8888
Params:Name=SERVER_PORT_SECURE,value=0
Params:Name=SERVER_PROTOCOL,value=HTTP/1.1
Params:Name=SERVER_SOFTWARE,value=Microsoft-IIS/10.0
Params:Name=URL,value=/Test.aspx
Params:Name=HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL,value=max-age=0
Params:Name=HTTP_CONNECTION,value=keep-alive
Params:Name=HTTP_ACCEPT,value=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Params:Name=HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING,value=gzip, deflate, sdch
Params:Name=HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE,value=zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
Params:Name=HTTP_HOST,value=192.168.1.105:8888
Params:Name=HTTP_USER_AGENT,value=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36
Params:Name=HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS,value=1
ContentEncoding:System.Text.UTF8Encoding
ContentLength:0
ContentType:
Browser:System.Web.Mobile.MobileCapabilities
UserAgent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 Safari/537.36
UserHostAddress:192.168.1.105
UserHostName:192.168.1.105
UserLanguages:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8