C#學習經歷從基本語法結構到窗體再到面向對象終於走完了.NET初級程序員的道路,做為品德優良好學生更不能落下課程的總結項目-某某鳥《影院售票系統》。用了大概一天半的時間做完這個練手項目,先上效果截圖一張
抽出時間做些這個對目前的我來說算不小的項目。
用到的知識點有:面向對象思想、TreeView、XML讀取、File文件流、泛型集合,這里面對我來說難度最大的是面向對象與泛型集合的結合,看來學習一門編程語言的難點還是在設計思想上。
再來介紹一下項目需求:在影片列表中選擇某個時段的一場電影,單擊座位選擇一個種類的電影票,並創建電影,計算價格並打印影票信息,然后該座位被置為紅色表示已經售出。
影院每天更新放映列表,系統支持實時查看,包括電影放映場次時間、電影概況。
影院提供三類影票:普通票、贈票和學生票(贈票免費;學生票有折扣)
允許用戶查看某場次座位的售出情況
支持購票,並允許用戶選座
用戶可以選擇場次、影票類型及空閑座位進行購票,並打印電影票
系統可以保存銷售情況,並允許對其進行恢復
二.問題分析
1.系統開發步驟
(1)明確需求
(2)設計類
(3)創建項目
(4)確定編碼順序
1.主窗體
2.查看新放映列表
3.查看電影介紹
4.查看影票票價
5.查看放映廳座位
6.購票和打印電影票
7.繼續購票
(5)測試
三、類的設計
1.Seat:保存影院的座位信息,主要屬性如下
座位號(SeatNum):string類型
座位賣出狀態顏色(Color):System.Drawing.Color類型
2.Movie:電影類
電影名(MovieName):string類型
海報圖片路徑(Poster):string類型
導演名(Director):string類型
主演(Actor):string類型
電影類型(MovieType):MovieType自定義枚舉類型
定價(Price):int類型
3.Ticket:電影票父類,保存電影票信息
放映場次(ScheduleItem):ScheduleItem自定義類
所屬座位對象(Seat):Seat自定義類型
票價(Price):int類型
計算票價的虛方法CalcPrice()
打印售票信息的虛方法Print()
顯示當前售出票信息的虛方法Show()
4.StudentTicket:學生票子類,繼承父類Ticket
學生票的折扣(Discount):int類型
重寫父類計算票價CalcPrice
重寫父類打印售票信息的Print()
重寫父類顯示當前出票信息的Show()方法
5.FreeTicket:贈票子類,繼承父類Ticket
獲得贈票者的名字屬性(CustomerName):string類型
重寫父類計算票價CalcPrice()
重寫父類打印售票信息Print()
重寫父類顯示當前出票信息Show()
6.ScheduleItem:影院每天計划放映計划的場次,保存每場電影的信息
放映時間屬性(Time):string類型
本場所放映電影屬性(Movie):Movie自定義類型
7.Schedule:放映計划類
放映場次屬性(Items):自定義泛型集合Dictionary<string,ScheduleItem>
讀取XML文件獲取放映計划集合的LoadItems()方法
8.Cinema:影院類,保存放映計划和座位類
座位集合屬性(Seat):自定義泛型集合Dictionary<string,Seat>
放映計划Schedule:Schedule自定義類型
已售出電影票的集合(SoldTicket):自定義泛型集合List<Ticket>
保存和讀取售票情況的Save()和Load()方法
獻上這9個類的代碼,根據依賴編寫類的順序,不能完全按照上面順序

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.Drawing; 7 8 namespace 影院售票系統 9 { 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 保存影院的座位信息 12 /// </summary> 13 public class Seat 14 { 15 public Seat() { } 16 public Seat(string seatNum,Color color) 17 { 18 this.SeatNum = seatNum; 19 this.Color = color; 20 } 21 private string _seatNum; 22 /// <summary> 23 /// 座位號 24 /// </summary> 25 public string SeatNum 26 { 27 get { return _seatNum; } 28 set { _seatNum = value; } 29 } 30 private Color _color; 31 /// <summary> 32 /// 座位賣出狀態顏色 33 /// </summary> 34 public Color Color 35 { 36 get { return _color; } 37 set { _color = value; } 38 } 39 } 40 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 7 namespace 影院售票系統 8 { 9 /// <summary> 10 /// 電影類 11 /// </summary> 12 public class Movie 13 { 14 private string _movieName; 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 電影名 17 /// </summary> 18 public string MovieName 19 { 20 get { return _movieName; } 21 set { _movieName = value; } 22 } 23 private string _poster; 24 /// <summary> 25 /// 海報圖片名 26 /// </summary> 27 public string Poster 28 { 29 get { return _poster; } 30 set { _poster = value; } 31 } 32 private string _director; 33 /// <summary> 34 /// 導演名 35 /// </summary> 36 public string Director 37 { 38 get { return _director; } 39 set { _director = value; } 40 } 41 private string _actor; 42 /// <summary> 43 /// 主演 44 /// </summary> 45 public string Actor 46 { 47 get { return _actor; } 48 set { _actor = value; } 49 } 50 51 private int _price; 52 /// <summary> 53 /// 定價 54 /// </summary> 55 public int Price 56 { 57 get { return _price; } 58 set { _price = value; } 59 } 60 /// <summary> 61 /// 電影類型 62 /// </summary> 63 public MovieType MovieType { get; set; } 64 } 65 /// <summary> 66 /// 電影類型,1喜劇2戰爭3愛情 67 /// </summary> 68 public enum MovieType 69 { 70 /// <summary> 71 /// 動作片 72 /// </summary> 73 Action = 0, 74 /// <summary> 75 /// 戰爭片 76 /// </summary> 77 War = 1, 78 /// <summary> 79 /// 愛情片 80 /// </summary> 81 Comedy = 2 82 } 83 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.Windows.Forms; 7 using System.IO; 8 9 namespace 影院售票系統 10 { 11 /// <summary> 12 /// 電影票父類 13 /// </summary> 14 public class Ticket 15 { 16 public Ticket() { } 17 public Ticket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat) 18 { 19 this.ScheduItem = sch; 20 this.Seat = seat; 21 } 22 private Seat _seat = new Seat(); 23 /// <summary> 24 /// 所屬座位 25 /// </summary> 26 public Seat Seat 27 { 28 get { return _seat; } 29 set { _seat = value; } 30 } 31 32 private int _price; 33 /// <summary> 34 /// 票價 35 /// </summary> 36 public int Price 37 { 38 get { return _price; } 39 set { _price = value; } 40 } 41 /// <summary> 42 /// 放映場次 43 /// </summary> 44 public ScheduleItem ScheduItem { get; set; } 45 /// <summary> 46 /// 計算票價 47 /// </summary> 48 public virtual void CalcPrice() 49 { 50 this.Price = ScheduItem.Movie.Price; 51 } 52 /// <summary> 53 /// 打印售票信息 54 /// </summary> 55 public virtual void Print() 56 { 57 string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鳥影院\n------------------------------------------------\n電影名:\t{0}\n時間:\t{1}\n座位號:\t{2}\n價格:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.Price); 58 MessageBox.Show(info); 59 //存到文件中 60 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-")+" "+this.Seat.SeatNum+".txt"; 61 FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName,FileMode.Create); 62 StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); 63 sw.Write(info); 64 sw.Close(); 65 fs.Close(); 66 } 67 /// <summary> 68 /// 顯示當前售票信息 69 /// </summary> 70 public virtual void Show() 71 { 72 string info = string.Format("已售出!\n普通票!"); 73 MessageBox.Show(info); 74 } 75 } 76 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.Windows.Forms; 7 using System.IO; 8 namespace 影院售票系統 9 { 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 學生票 12 /// </summary> 13 public class StudentTicket : Ticket 14 { 15 public StudentTicket() { } 16 public StudentTicket(ScheduleItem sch, Seat seat, int discount) 17 : base(sch, seat) 18 { 19 this.Discount = discount; 20 } 21 private int _discount; 22 /// <summary> 23 /// 學生票的折扣 24 /// </summary> 25 public int Discount 26 { 27 get { return _discount; } 28 set { _discount = value; } 29 } 30 /// <summary> 31 /// 計算學生票價 32 /// </summary> 33 public override void CalcPrice() 34 { 35 this.Price =this.ScheduItem.Movie.Price* Discount / 10; 36 } 37 /// <summary> 38 /// 打印學生票的售票信息 39 /// </summary> 40 public override void Print() 41 { 42 string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鳥影院(學生)\n------------------------------------------------\n電影名:\t{0}\n時間:\t{1}\n座位號:\t{2}\n價格:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.Price); 43 MessageBox.Show(info); 44 //存到文件中 45 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-") + " " + this.Seat.SeatNum + ".txt"; 46 FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); 47 StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); 48 sw.Write(info); 49 sw.Close(); 50 fs.Close(); 51 } 52 /// <summary> 53 /// 顯示當前售出票信息 54 /// </summary> 55 public override void Show() 56 { 57 string info = string.Format("已售出!\n{0}折學生票!",this.Discount); 58 MessageBox.Show(info); 59 } 60 } 61 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.Windows.Forms; 7 using System.IO; 8 9 namespace 影院售票系統 10 { 11 /// <summary> 12 /// 贈票 13 /// </summary> 14 public class FreeTicket:Ticket 15 { 16 public FreeTicket() { } 17 public FreeTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat,string name) 18 { 19 this.Seat = seat; 20 this.CustomerName = name; 21 this.ScheduItem = sch; 22 } 23 private string _customerName; 24 /// <summary> 25 /// 獲得贈票者的名字 26 /// </summary> 27 public string CustomerName 28 { 29 get { return _customerName; } 30 set { _customerName = value; } 31 } 32 /// <summary> 33 /// 計算票價 34 /// </summary> 35 public override void CalcPrice() 36 { 37 this.Price = 0; 38 } 39 /// <summary> 40 /// 打印售票信息 41 /// </summary> 42 public override void Print() 43 { 44 string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鳥影院(贈票)\n------------------------------------------------\n電影名:\t{0}\n時間:\t{1}\n座位號:\t{2}\n姓名:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.CustomerName); 45 MessageBox.Show(info); 46 //存到文件中 47 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-") + " " + this.Seat.SeatNum + ".txt"; 48 FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); 49 StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); 50 sw.Write(info); 51 sw.Close(); 52 fs.Close(); 53 } 54 /// <summary> 55 /// 顯示當前售出票信息 56 /// </summary> 57 public override void Show() 58 { 59 MessageBox.Show("已售出!\n贈票!"); 60 } 61 } 62 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 7 namespace 影院售票系統 8 { 9 /// <summary> 10 /// 影院每天計划放映的場次,保存每場電影的信息 11 /// </summary> 12 public class ScheduleItem 13 { 14 private string _time; 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 放映時間 17 /// </summary> 18 public string Time 19 { 20 get { return _time; } 21 set { _time = value; } 22 } 23 private Movie _movie = new Movie(); 24 25 /// <summary> 26 /// 本場放映的電影 27 /// </summary> 28 public Movie Movie 29 { 30 get { return _movie; } 31 set { _movie = value; } 32 } 33 private List<Ticket> _soldTickets=new List<Ticket>(); 34 35 private Dictionary<string, Seat> _seats=new Dictionary<string,Seat>(); 36 /// <summary> 37 /// 本場次的座位狀態 38 /// </summary> 39 public Dictionary<string, Seat> Seats 40 { 41 get { return _seats; } 42 set { _seats = value; } 43 } 44 } 45 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.Xml; 7 8 namespace 影院售票系統 9 { 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 放映計划類,保存影院當天的放映計划集合 12 /// </summary> 13 public class Schedule 14 { 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 放映場次 17 /// </summary> 18 public Dictionary<string, ScheduleItem> Items = new Dictionary<string, ScheduleItem>(); 19 /// <summary> 20 /// 讀取XML文件獲取放映計划集合 21 /// </summary> 22 public void LoadItems() 23 { 24 Items.Clear(); 25 XmlDocument xml = new XmlDocument(); 26 xml.Load("ShowList.xml"); 27 XmlElement root = xml.DocumentElement; 28 foreach (XmlNode item in root.ChildNodes) 29 { 30 Movie movie = new Movie(); 31 movie.MovieName = item["Name"].InnerText; 32 movie.Poster = item["Poster"].InnerText; 33 movie.Director = item["Director"].InnerText; 34 movie.Actor = item["Actor"].InnerText; 35 switch (item["Type"].InnerText) 36 { 37 case "Action": 38 movie.MovieType = MovieType.Action; 39 break; 40 case "War": 41 movie.MovieType = MovieType.War; 42 break; 43 case "Comedy": 44 movie.MovieType = MovieType.Comedy; 45 break; 46 } 47 movie.Price = Convert.ToInt32(item["Price"].InnerText); 48 if (item["Schedule"].HasChildNodes) 49 { 50 foreach (XmlNode item2 in item["Schedule"].ChildNodes) 51 { 52 ScheduleItem schItem = new ScheduleItem(); 53 schItem.Time = item2.InnerText; 54 schItem.Movie = movie; 55 Items.Add(schItem.Time, schItem); 56 } 57 } 58 59 } 60 61 62 } 63 } 64 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 7 namespace 影院售票系統 8 { 9 /// <summary> 10 /// 影院類 11 /// </summary> 12 public class Cinema 13 { 14 private Dictionary<string, Seat> _seats = new Dictionary<string, Seat>(); 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 座位集合 17 /// </summary> 18 public Dictionary<string, Seat> Seats 19 { 20 get { return _seats; } 21 set { _seats = value; } 22 } 23 private Schedule _schedule = new Schedule(); 24 /// <summary> 25 /// 放映計划 26 /// </summary> 27 public Schedule Schedule 28 { 29 get { return _schedule; } 30 set { _schedule = value; } 31 } 32 private List<Ticket> _soldTickets=new List<Ticket>(); 33 /// <summary> 34 /// 已經售出的票 35 /// </summary> 36 public List<Ticket> SoldTickets 37 { 38 get { return _soldTickets; } 39 set { _soldTickets = value; } 40 } 41 /// <summary> 42 /// 保存售票信息到文件中 43 /// </summary> 44 public void Save() 45 { 46 //Save和Load的代碼在窗體的代碼實現了 47 } 48 /// <summary> 49 /// 從文件中讀取售票信息 50 /// </summary> 51 public void Load() { } 52 } 53 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 7 namespace 影院售票系統 8 { 9 /// <summary> 10 /// 工具類 11 /// </summary> 12 public class TicketUtil 13 { 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 創建電影票 16 /// </summary> 17 /// <returns></returns> 18 public static Ticket CreateTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat,int discount,string customerName,string type) 19 { 20 Ticket ticket=null; 21 switch (type) 22 { 23 case "StudentTicket": 24 ticket = new StudentTicket(sch,seat,discount); 25 break; 26 case "FreeTicket": 27 ticket = new FreeTicket(sch,seat,customerName); 28 break; 29 default: 30 ticket = new Ticket(sch,seat); 31 break; 32 } 33 return ticket; 34 } 35 } 36 }
明天將繼續更新-電影院座位的動態繪制、電影信息綁定到窗體中展現出來,也望各路大神出手斧正不合理的代碼(不要涉及分層開發,我們在學,以后會用分層開發實現其他的項目)