場景
在進行Web服務端開發的時候,發布前通常需要測試一遍。對於一個大一點的項目,最好的辦法是寫個自動化測試程序。
以Groovy為例,寫測試代碼之前通常的有如下幾個操作
- 引用相關的類庫
- import相關的類
- 對庫不熟悉的時候你很可能得先把庫的文檔好好看一遍
對於你來說,你需要的可能僅僅是post,get等幾個簡單的操作而已,而上面的操作更是可能占用你整個開發過程的大部分時間。
Orz....項目進度沒跟上,又要加班了。。。。
要是有一種語言,本身自帶post,get這樣的函數那該多好啊,測試程序嘩啦嘩啦就寫完了!
解決方案
通過Groovy構建一個腳本環境,自帶post,get這些常用的函數
效果
再也不用手動引用庫了,再也不用手動import類了,再也不用復習好長好長的文檔了,寫測試腳本再也腰不疼、腿不麻了!
原理
groovy本身是一個強大的腳本引擎,同時也是高度可定制化的。
在groovy編譯腳本的時候,可以為腳本指定一個基類,這個基類的所有方法和屬性都可以直接在腳本引用。
實現
首先,先新建一個工程,這里用gradle作為構建工具,取工程名為httpbatch
。
新建build.gradle
apply plugin: 'groovy'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'application'
mainClassName = 'com.kasonyang.httpbatch.Application'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:2.3.10'
compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5'
}
工程引用了apache的httpclient組件,並指定主類為com.kasonyang.httpbatch.Application
生成Eclipse工程
$ gradle eclipse
然后我們就可以使用Eclipse導入工程了。
創建主類Application.groovy
package com.kasonyang.httpbatch
import com.kasonyang.httpbatch.test.TestException
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilerConfiguration
class Application {
static void printUsage(){
println """
usage : httpbatch file #execute a file
or httpbatch -s #enter shell mode
"""
}
static void main(String[] args) {
if(args.length<1){
printUsage()
return
}
def reader,scriptStr = ''
switch(args[0]){
case '-s':
print ">"
reader = System.in
reader.eachLine {it->
scriptStr += it + '\n'
if(it == ''){
runScript(scriptStr)
scriptStr = ''
}//else{
print '>'
//}
}
break
default:
def file = new File(args[0])
runScript(file)
break
}
}
private static String getExceptionStack(Exception ex,String clsName){
String msg = ""
for(stack in ex.stackTrace){
if(stack.className == clsName){
def fileName = stack.fileName
def lineNumber = stack.lineNumber.toString()
msg += ("\tFile:${fileName}(${lineNumber})")
}
}
msg
}
private static runScript(def it){
def config = new CompilerConfiguration()
config.scriptBaseClass = 'com.kasonyang.httpbatch.HttpBatchScript'
def shell = new GroovyShell(config)
def scriptClass
try{
//shell.evaluate(file)
def script = shell.parse(it)
scriptClass = script.class.name
def stateReturn = script.run()
//System.out.println(stateReturn)
}catch(TestException ex){
println "test fail:"
println getExceptionStack(ex,scriptClass)
println "\texcepted:${ex.excepted}\n\tactual:${ex.actual}"
}catch(Exception ex){
println ex.message
println getExceptionStack(ex,scriptClass)
}catch(RuntimeException ex){
println ex.message
println getExceptionStack(ex,scriptClass)
}
}
}
Application指定了腳本的基類為com.kasonyang.httpbatch.HttpBatchScript
,這個類就是主題的主體。
先上代碼
package com.kasonyang.httpbatch
import com.kasonyang.httpbatch.test.TestException
import com.kasonyang.httprequest.HttpRequest
import com.kasonyang.httprequest.HttpResponse
import groovy.lang.Binding
import groovy.lang.Script;
abstract class HttpBatchScript extends Script {
private http = new HttpRequest();
HttpResponse $$
Closure beforeGo,beforePost,afterGo,afterPost
Closure testFail
private String base = ''
private String path = ''
private String trimPath(String path,boolean left=true,boolean right=true){
int start =(left && path.startsWith('/')) ? 1 : 0;
int end = (right && path.endsWith('/')) ? path.length()-1 : path.length();
path.substring(start,end)
}
private def getUri(uri){
base + (base?'/':'') + path + (path?'/':'') + trimPath(uri,true,false)
}
def base(){
this.base = ''
}
/**
* set the base path of request
* @param path the base path
* @return
*/
def base(String path){
this.base = trimPath(path)
}
def enter(){
this.path = ''
}
/**
* enter a directory in base
* @param path
* @return
*/
def enter(String path){
this.path = trimPath(path)
}
/**
* submit a get request
* @param uri the request uri
* @param params the query params
* @param callback call after request
* @return
*/
HttpResponse go(String uri,Map params,Closure callback){
def httpGet = http.createGet(getUri(uri),params)
this.beforeGo?.call(httpGet)
def response = http.execute(httpGet)
this.$$ = response
if(callback) callback.call()
this.afterGo?.call(response)
return this.$$
}
HttpResponse go(String uri,Closure callback){
return go(uri,[:],callback)
}
HttpResponse go(String uri,Map params){
return go(uri,params,null)
}
HttpResponse go(String uri){
return this.go(uri,null)
}
/**
* submit a post request
* @param uri the request uri
* @param params the post params
* @param callback call after request
* @return
*/
HttpResponse post(String uri,Map params,Closure callback){
def httpPost = http.createPost(getUri(uri),params)
this.beforePost?.call(httpPost)
def response = http.execute(httpPost)
this.$$ = response
if(callback) callback.call()
this.afterPost?.call(response)
return this.$$
}
HttpResponse post(String uri,Closure callback){
return post(uri,[:],callback)
}
HttpResponse post(String uri,Map params){
return post(uri,params,null)
}
HttpResponse post(String uri){
return this.post(uri,null)
}
/**
* set the beforeGo callback,which whill be call before every get request
* @param callback
*/
void beforeGo(Closure callback){
this.beforeGo = callback
}
/**
* set the beforePost callback,which whill be call before every post request
* @param callback
*/
void beforePost(Closure callback){
this.beforePost = callback
}
/**
* set the callback,which whill be call when test fail
* @param cb
*/
void testFail(Closure cb){
this.testFail = cb
}
/**
* set the callback,which whill be call after every get request
* @param callback
*/
void afterGo(Closure callback){
this.afterGo = callback
}
/**
* set the callback,which whill be call after every post request
* @param callback
*/
void afterPost(Closure callback){
this.afterPost = callback
}
/**
* test whether it is true
* @param value
*/
void testTrue(Object value){
testEquals(true,value)
}
/**
* test whether actual equals the excepted
* @param excepted
* @param actual
*/
void testEquals(Object excepted,Object actual){
if(excepted != actual){
def ex = new TestException(excepted,actual)
if(this.testFail){
testFail(ex)
}else{
throw ex
}
}
}
/**
* test whether it is null
* @param value
*/
void testNull(Object value){
testEquals(null,value)
}
}
這個類主要定義了一個public屬性$$
還有幾個public方法,也就是post、go,和一些其它可能需要用到的函數。
因為get方法在groovy里有特殊意義,這里使用go方法名代替了get。
提示:這里使用了另外兩個類,HttpRequest和HttpResponse,是自定義的兩個Class,由於篇幅的原因,這里就不再貼代碼了,具體實現可前往Github查看。
我已經把全部源碼放到了Github,感興趣的可以前往查看。
地址:https://github.com/kasonyang/httpbatch
構建項目
$ gradle installDist
程序被輸出到build/install/httpbatch
目錄下,將bin
目錄添加到環境變量PATH
中。
使用
- 創建腳本文件 "example.hb"
go "YOU_URL"//對你要測試的URL提交get請求
testEquals 200,$$.statusCode//狀態碼為 200?
def text = $$.text //get the response as text
def json = $$.json//get the response as json
println text //output the response
//這里添加你的測試邏輯代碼
println "Test successfully!"
- 執行腳本文件
$ httpbatch example.hb